Daftar misi pemeliharaan perdamaian PBB
Berikut ini adalah daftar misi penjaga perdamaian yang pernah dan sedang dilakukan oleh PBB sejak didirikan tahun 1945.
Penjaga perdamaian (peacekeeping) didefinisikan oleh PBB sebagai cara yang dilakukan dalam menolong suatu negara yang terkoyak oleh konflik untuk menciptakan kondisi damai yang berkelanjutan.
Misi lengkap
[sunting | sunting sumber]| Tanggal operasi | Nama Operasi | Lokasi | Konflik | Situs internet | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1960–1964 | United Nations Operation in the Congo (ONUC) | 
|
Kongo | Krisis Kongo | [1] |
| 1988–1991 | United Nations Angola Verification Mission I (UNAVEM I) | 
|
Angola | Perang Kemerdekaan Angola | [2] |
| 1989–1990 | United Nations Transition Assistance Group (UNTAG) | 
|
Namibia | Perang Kemerdekaan Namibia | [3] |
| 1991–1995 | United Nations Angola Verification Mission II (UNAVEM II) |
|
Angola | Perang Saudara Angola | [4] |
| 1992–1994 | United Nations Operation in Mozambique (ONUMOZ) | 
|
Mozambik | Perang Saudara Liberia | [5] |
| 1992–1993 | United Nations Operation in Somalia I (UNOSOM I) | 
|
Somalia | Perang Saudara Somalia | [6] |
| 1993–1997 | United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia (UNOMIL) | 
|
Liberia | Perang Saudara Liberia | [7] |
| 1993–1994 | United Nations Observer Mission Uganda-Rwanda (UNOMUR) | 
|
Rwanda | Genosida Rwanda | [8] |
|
Uganda | ||||
| 1993–1996 | United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR) |
|
Rwanda | Genosida Rwanda | [9] |
| 1993–1995 | United Nations Operation in Somalia II (UNOSOM II) |
|
Somalia | Perang Saudara Somalia | [10] |
| 1994 | United Nations Aouzou Strip Observer Group (UNASOG) | 
|
Chad | Perselisihan Jalur Aouzou | [11] |
|
Libya | ||||
| 1995–1997 | United Nations Angola Verification Mission III (UNAVEM III) |
|
Angola | Perang Saudara Angola | [12] |
| 1997–1999 | United Nations Observer Mission in Angola (MONUA) |
|
Angola | Perang Saudara Angola | [13] |
| 1998–1999 | United Nations Observer Mission in Sierra Leone (UNOMSIL) | 
|
Sierra Leone | Perang Saudara Sierra Leone | [14] |
| 1998–2000 | United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic (MINURCA) | 
|
Republik Afrika Tengah | Konflik Republik Afrika Tengah | [15] |
| 1999–2005 | United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone (UNAMSIL) |
|
Sierra Leone | Perang Saudara Sierra Leone | [16] |
| 2004–2006 | United Nations Operation in Burundi (ONUB) | 
|
Burundi | Perang Saudara Burundi | [17] |
| Tanggal operasi | Nama Operasi | Lokasi | Konflik | Situs internet | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1965–1966 | Mission of the Representative of the Secretary-General in the Dominican Republic (DOMREP) | 
|
Dominika | Perang Saudara Dominika | [18] |
| 1989–1992 | United Nations Observer Group in Central America (ONUCA) |  1
|
Amerika Tengah | Perang Saudara Nikaragua | [19] |
| |||||
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| 1991–1995 | United Nations Observer Mission in El Salvador (ONUSAL) |
|
El Salvador | Perang Saudara El Salvador | [20] |
| 1993–1996 | United Nations Mission in Haiti (UNMIH) | 
|
Haiti | Kudeta 1991 di Haiti | [21] |
| 1996–1997 | United Nations Support Mission in Haiti (UNSMIH) |
|
Haiti | Menstabilkan demokrasi baru di Haiti | [22] |
| 1997 | United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala (MINUGUA) |
|
Guatemala | Perang Saudara Guatemala | [23] |
| 1997 | United Nations Transition Mission in Haiti (UNTMIH) |
|
Haiti | Melatih Polisi Nasional Haiti | [24] |
| 1997–2000 | United Nations Civilian Police Mission in Haiti (MIPONUH) |
|
Haiti | Melatih Polisi Nasional Haiti | [25] |
1 Bendera-bendera yang diperlihatkan adalah bendera dari lima negara di mana ONUCA beroperasi. Mereka adalah (diurutkan secara alfabet): Kosta Rika, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nikaragua.
| Tanggal operasi | Nama Operasi | Lokasi | Konflik | Situs internet | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1962–1963 | United Nations Security Force in West New Guinea (UNSF) | 
|
Papua Barat | Proses Penyerahan Irian Barat Kembali ke Indonesia | [26] |
| |||||
| 1965–1966 | United Nations India-Pakistan Observation Mission (UNIPOM) | 
|
India | Perang India-Pakistan 1965 | [27] |
|
Pakistan | ||||
| 1988–1990 | United Nations Good Offices Mission in Afghanistan and Pakistan (UNGOMAP) | 
|
Afganistan | Invasi Soviet ke Afganistan | [28] |
|
|
Pakistan | ||||
| 1991–1992 | United Nations Advance Mission in Cambodia (UNAMIC) | 
|
Kamboja | Jatuhnya Khmer Merah | [29] |
| 1992–1993 | United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) |
|
Kamboja | Jatuhnya Khmer Merah | [30] |
| 1994–2000 | United Nations Mission of Observers in Tajikistan (UNMOT) | 
|
Tajikistan | Perang Saudara Tajikistan | [31] |
| 1999 | United Nations Mission in East Timor (UNAMET) |  1
|
Timor Timur | Referendum Timor Timur | [32] |
|
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| 1999–2002 | The United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET) | 1
|
Timor Timur | Referendum Timor Timur | [33] |
|
| |||||
| 2002–2005 | United Nations Mission of Support in East Timor (UNMISET) |
|
Timor Timur | Referendum Timor Timur | [34] |
|2005–2007
|United Nations Office in Timor Leste (UNOTIL)
|
|Timor Timur
|Referendum Timor Timur
|[35]
|}
1 Bendera yang diperlihatkan adalah bendera negara Timor Timur yang baru berdiri dan negara yang dahulu mendudukinya, Indonesia (berurutan).
| Tanggal operasi | Nama Operasi | Lokasi | Konflik | Situs internet | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1992–1995 | United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) |  1
|
Negara pecahan Yugoslavia | Perang Yugoslavia | [36] |
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| 1994–1996 | United Nations Confidence Restoration Operation (UNCRO) |
|
Kroasia | Perang Kroasia | [37] |
| 1995–2002 | United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina (UNMIBH) |
|
Bosnia dan Herzegovina | Perang Bosnia | [38] |
| 1995–1999 | United Nations Preventive Deployment Force (UNPREDEP) |
|
Makedonia | Setelah perang Yugoslavia | [39] |
| 1996–1998 | United Nations Transitional Authority in Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium (UNTAES) |
|
Kroasia | Perang Kroasia | [40] |
| 1996–2002 | United Nations Mission of Observers in Prevlaka (UNMOP) | 2
|
Semenanjung Prevlaka | Perselisihan perbatasan Prevlaka | [41] |
|
| |||||
| 1998 | United Nations Civilian Police Support Group (UNPSG) |
|
Kroasia | Perang Kroasia | [42] |
1 Misi ini dijalankan di negara-negara pecahan Yugoslavia yaitu Bosnia dan Herzegovina, Kroasia, Makedonia, dan Serbia dan Montenegro. Bendera diperlihatkan sesuai urutan.
2 Semenanjung Prevlaka diklaim oleh Kroasia dan Serbia dan Montenegro. Bendera diperlihatkan berurutan. Setelah resolusi, kedua belah pihak menerima klaim Kroasia untuk daerah ini.
| Tanggal operasi | Nama Operasi | Lokasi | Konflik | Situs internet | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1956–1967 | First United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF I) | 
|
Mesir | Krisis Suez, Perang Enam Hari | [43] |
|
Israel | ||||
| 1958 | United Nations Observation Group in Lebanon (UNOGIL) | 
|
Lebanon | Krisis Lebanon 1958 | [44] |
| 1963–1964 | United Nations Yemen Observation Mission (UNYOM) | 
|
Yaman | Perang Saudara Yaman | [45] |
| 1973–1979 | Second United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF II) |
|
Mesir | Perang Yom Kippur | [46] |
|
|
Israel | ||||
| 1988–1991 | United Nations Iran-Iraq Military Observer Group (UNIIMOG) | 
|
Iran | Perang Iran-Irak | [47] |
|
Irak | ||||
| 1991–2003 | United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission (UNIKOM) |
|
Irak | Perang Teluk | [48] |
|
Kuwait |
Misi yang sedang dilakukan
[sunting | sunting sumber]Afrika
[sunting | sunting sumber]| Tanggal operasi | Nama Operasi | Lokasi | Konflik | Situs internet | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1991 | United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) | 
|
Sahara Barat | Pendudukan Maroko di Sahara Barat | [49] |
| 1999 | Mission de l'Organisation des Nations Unies en République Démocratique du Congo (MONUC) | 
|
Republik Demokratik Kongo | Konflik Kongo II | [50] |
| 2000 | United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE) | 
|
Eritrea | Perang Ethiopia-Eritrea | [51] |
|
Ethiopia | ||||
| 2003 | United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) |
|
Liberia | Perang Saudara Liberia II | [52] |
| 2004 | United Nations Operation in Côte d'Ivoire (UNOCI) | 
|
Pantai Gading | Perang Saudara Pantai Gading | [53] |
| 2005 | United Nations Mission in the Sudan (UNMIS) | 
|
Sudan | Konflik Sudan II | [54] |
Amerika
[sunting | sunting sumber]| Tanggal operasi | Nama Operasi | Lokasi | Konflik | Situs internet | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2004 | United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) |
|
Haiti | Pemberontakan Haiti 2004 | [55] |
Asia
[sunting | sunting sumber]| Tanggal operasi | Nama Operasi | Lokasi | Konflik | Situs internet | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1949 | United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP) |
|
India | Perang India-Pakistan | [56] |
|
|
Pakistan | ||||
| 2006 | United Nations Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste (UNMIT) |
|
Timor Timur | Krisis Timor Timur 2006 | [57] |
Eropa
[sunting | sunting sumber]| Tanggal operasi | Nama Operasi | Lokasi | Konflik | Situs internet | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1964 | United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) |  1
|
Siprus | Konflik Siprus | [58] |
| |||||
| 1993 | United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG) | 
|
Georgia | Perang Abkhazian | [59] |
| 1999 | United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) |  2
|
Kosovo | Perang Kosovo | [60] |
|
1 PBB dan pemerintahan negara-negara lainnya kecuali Turki, mengakui kekuasaan Republik Siprus, yang benderanya digambarkan di sini, atas seluruh daerah di pulau Siprus. Bendera kedua adalah bendera negara Republik Turki Siprus Utara, negara de facto, yang menguasai sepertiga dari pulau tersebut, yang hanya diakui oleh Turki dan OKI.
2 Tidak ada bendera resmi untuk Kosovo. Bendera pertama adalah bendera Albania, yang mendapat dukungan dari etnis Albanian yang menjadi penduduk mayoritas di Kosovo. Bendera di bawahnya adalah bendera Serbia yang mengusai Kosovo secara formal menunggu status hasil diskusi final.
Timur Tengah
[sunting | sunting sumber]| Tanggal operasi | Nama Operasi | Lokasi | Konflik | Situs internet | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1948 | United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO) |  1
|
Timur Tengah | (Mengawasi berbagai gencatan senjata dan membantu UNDOF dan UNIFIL) | [61] |
| 1974 | United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) | 2
|
Dataran tinggi Golan | Persetujuan penarikan pasukan Suriah dan Israel setelah Perang Yom Kippur. | [62] |
|
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| 1978 | United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) |
|
Lebanon | Invasi Israel atas Lebanon dan Konflik Lebanon-Israel 2006 | [63] |
1 Tidak ada bendera resmi untuk seluruh daerah Timur Tengah. Yang diperlihatkan adalah peta Timur Tengah.
2 Berbagai daerah di Golan diklaim oleh Israel, Lebanon, dan Syria; semua bendera diperlihatkan dalam urutan alfabet.
Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Lihat masing-masing situs internet untuk setiap misi dalam daftar.