Aliansi Prancis-Amerika Serikat
Aliansi Prancis-Amerika Serikat merupakan aliansi 1778 antara Kerajaan Prancis dan Amerika Serikat selama Perang Revolusi Amerika Serikat. Diresmikan dalam Traktat Aliansi 1778, aliansi ini adalah perjanjian militer di mana Prancis menyediakan banyak pasokan untuk Amerika Serikat. Belanda dan Spanyol kemudian bergabung sebagai sekutu Prancis, sedangkan Inggris tidak memiliki sekutu Eropa. Aliansi Prancis dimungkinkan setelah Amerika menangkap tentara invasi Inggris di Saratoga[1] pada Oktober 1777, menunjukkan kelangsungan perjuangan Amerika. Aliansi tersebut menjadi kontroversial setelah pada 1793 Inggris dan pasukan revolusioner Prancis kembali berperang dan Amerika Serikat menyatakan dirinya netral. Hubungan antara Prancis dan Amerika Serikat memburuk ketika yang terakhir menjadi lebih dekat ke Inggris dalam Traktat Jay pada 1795, yang mengarah ke Perang Kuasi yang tidak dideklarasikan. Aliansi ini tidak berfungsi sejak 1794 dan resmi berakhir pada 1800.
Daftar komandan Prancis yang terlibat dalam aliansi
[sunting | sunting sumber]Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]Daftar pustaka
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Bemis, Samuel Flagg. The Diplomacy of the American Revolution (1935) online edition
- Brands, H. W. The First American: The Life and Times of Benjamin Franklin (2002) excerpt and text search
- Brecher, Frank W. Securing American Independence: John Jay and the French Alliance. Praeger Publishers, 2003. pp. xiv, 327 online
- Chartrand, René, and Back, Francis. The French Army in the American War of Independence Osprey; 1991.
- Corwin, Edward S. French Policy and the American Alliance of 1778 Archon Books; 1962.
- Dull, Jonathan R. (1975) The French Navy and American Independence: A Study of Arms and Diplomacy, 1774–1787. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0691069204.
- Dull, Jonathan R. (1985) A Diplomatic History of the American Revolution. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 0300034199.
- Kaplan, Lawrence S. "The Diplomacy of the American Revolution: the Perspective from France." Reviews in American History 1976 4(3): 385–390. ISSN 0048-7511 Fulltext in Jstor; review of Dull (1975)
- Ferling, John. "John Adams: Diplomat," William and Mary Quarterly 51 (1994): 227–52.
- Hutson, James H. John Adams and the Diplomacy of the American Revolution (1980).
- Hoffman, Ronald, and Peter J. Albert, eds. Diplomacy and Revolution: The Franco-American Alliance of 1778 (1981)
- Hoffman, Ronald, and Peter J. Albert, eds. Peace and the Peacemakers:The Treaty of Paris of 1783 (1986).
- Hudson, Ruth Strong. The Minister from France: Conrad-Alexandre Gérard, 1729–1790. Lutz, 1994. 279 pp.
- Kaplan, Lawrence S., ed. The American Revolution and "A Candid World (1977)
- Kaplan, Lawrence S. (1987). Entangling Alliances with None: American Foreign Policy in the Age of Jefferson. Kent State University Press. hlm. 24. ISBN 9780873383479.
- Ketchum, Richard M. Saratoga: Turning Point of America's Revolutionary War. New York: Holt Paperbacks, 1999.
- Kennett, Lee. The French Forces in America, 1780–1783. Greenwood, 1977. 188 pp.
- Lint, Gregg L. "John Adams on the Drafting of the Treaty Plan of 1776," Diplomatic History 2 (1978): 313–20.
- Perkins, James Breck. France in the American Revolution (1911) full text online
- Pritchard, James. "French Strategy and the American Revolution: a Reappraisal." Naval War College Review 1994 47(4): 83–108. ISSN 0028-1484
- Schiff, Stacy. A Great Improvisation: Franklin, France, and the Birth of America (2005)
- Simms, Brendan. Three Victories and a Defeat: The Rise and Fall of the First British Empire. Penguin Books, 2008.
- Stinchcombe, William E. The American Revolution and the French Alliance (1969)
- Tudda, Chris. "A Messiah that Will Never Come." Diplomatic History, issue 5 (November, 2008): pp. 779–810.
- Unger, Harlow Giles. Lafayette (2002) online
Bacaan selanjutnya
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Stockley, Andrew (2001). Britain and France at the Birth of America: The European Powers and the Peace Negotiations of 1782–1783. Exeter: University of Exeter Press. ISBN 0859896153.