Appalachia (Mesozoikum)

Selama kebanyakan dari kala Kapur Akhir (100.5 hingga 66 juta tahun lalu), bagian timur dari Amerika Utara membentuk sebuah massa daratan yang disebut Appalachia (dinamai setelah Pegunungan Appalachia). Appalachia merupakan sebuah massa daratan berupa pulau yang terpisah dari Laramidia di barat oleh Lajur Laut Interior Barat, karena berbagai faktor seperti aktifitas tektonik dan fluktuasi ketinggian air laut selama hampir 40 juta tahun.^[1]^[2]

Referensi

^ Nielsen, Karsten Schjødt; Schröder-Adams, Claudia J.; Leckie, Dale A.; Haggart, James W.; Elberdak, Khalifa (December 2008). "Turonian to Santonian paleoenvironmental changes in the Cretaceous Western Interior Sea: The Carlile and Niobrara formations in southern Alberta and southwestern Saskatchewan, Canada". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 270 (1–2): 64–91. Bibcode:2008PPP...270...64N. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.08.018.
^ Bertog, Janet (2010). "Stratigraphy of the Lower Pierre Shale (Campanian): Implications for the Tectonic and Eustatic Controls on Facies Distributions". Journal of Geological Research. 2010: 1–15. doi:10.1155/2010/910243 .

[1] Nielsen, Karsten Schjødt; Schröder-Adams, Claudia J.; Leckie, Dale A.; Haggart, James W.; Elberdak, Khalifa (December 2008). "Turonian to Santonian paleoenvironmental changes in the Cretaceous Western Interior Sea: The Carlile and Niobrara formations in southern Alberta and southwestern Saskatchewan, Canada". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 270 (1–2): 64–91. Bibcode:2008PPP...270...64N. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.08.018.

[2] Bertog, Janet (2010). "Stratigraphy of the Lower Pierre Shale (Campanian): Implications for the Tectonic and Eustatic Controls on Facies Distributions". Journal of Geological Research. 2010: 1–15. doi:10.1155/2010/910243 .

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