Bing Crosby
Bing Crosby | |
---|---|
Lahir | Harry Lillis Crosby Jr. 3 Mei 1903 Tacoma, Washington, AS |
Meninggal | 14 Oktober 1977 Alcobendas, Spanyol | (umur 74)
Makam | Holy Cross Cemetery, Culver City, California, AS |
Almamater | Gonzaga University |
Pekerjaan |
|
Tahun aktif | 1923–1977 |
Karya | |
Suami/istri | |
Anak | |
Kerabat |
|
Karier musik | |
Genre | |
Label | |
Situs web | bingcrosby |
Tanda tangan | |
Penghargaan
| |
|
Harry Lillis "Bing" Crosby Jr. (3 Mei 1903 – 14 Oktober 1977) adalah seorang penyanyi dan aktor Amerika. Bintang multimedia pertama, ia adalah salah satu artis musik paling populer dan berpengaruh di abad ke-20 di seluruh dunia.[1] Crosby merupakan pemimpin dalam penjualan rekaman, rating radio jaringan, dan pendapatan kotor film dari tahun 1926 hingga 1977. Ia merupakan salah satu ikon budaya global pertama.[2] Crosby membuat lebih dari 70 film layar lebar dan merekam lebih dari 1.600 lagu.[3][4][5]
Awal karier Crosby bertepatan dengan inovasi rekaman yang memungkinkannya mengembangkan gaya bernyanyi intim yang memengaruhi banyak penyanyi pria yang mengikutinya, seperti Frank Sinatra,[6] Perry Como, Dean Martin, Dick Haymes, Elvis Presley, dan John Lennon.[7] Majalah Yank mengatakan bahwa Crosby adalah "orang yang telah melakukan hal terbesar untuk meningkatkan moral prajurit di luar negeri" selama Perang Dunia II.[8] Pada tahun 1948, jajak pendapat Amerika menyatakan dia sebagai "orang paling dikagumi saat ini", mengalahkan Jackie Robinson dan Paus Pius XII.[3][9] Pada tahun 1948, Music Digest memperkirakan bahwa rekaman Crosby mengisi lebih dari setengah dari 80.000 jam mingguan yang dialokasikan untuk rekaman musik radio di Amerika.[9]
Crosby memenangkan Academy Award untuk Aktor Terbaik untuk penampilannya dalam Going My Way (1944) dan dinominasikan untuk sekuelnya, The Bells of St. Mary's (1945), beradu dengan Ingrid Bergman, menjadi aktor pertama dari enam aktor yang dinominasikan dua kali untuk memerankan karakter yang sama. Crosby menjadi atraksi box office nomor satu selama lima tahun berturut-turut dari tahun 1944 hingga 1948.[10] Pada puncak kariernya di layar lebar pada tahun 1946, Crosby membintangi tiga dari lima film terlaris tahun itu: The Bells of St. Mary's, Blue Skies, dan Road to Utopia.[10] Pada tahun 1963, ia menerima Grammy Global Achievement Award yang pertama.[11] Crosby adalah salah satu dari 33 orang yang memiliki tiga bintang di Hollywood Walk of Fame,[12] dalam kategori film, radio, dan rekaman audio.[13] Ia juga dikenal karena kolaborasinya dengan temannya Bob Hope, membintangi film Road to ... dari tahun 1940 hingga 1962.
Crosby memengaruhi perkembangan industri rekaman pasca-Perang Dunia II. Setelah melihat demonstrasi perekam pita reel-to-reel berkualitas siaran Jerman yang dibawa ke Amerika Serikat oleh John T. Mullin, Crosby menginvestasikan $50.000 di perusahaan elektronik California Ampex untuk membuat salinan. Ia kemudian membujuk ABC untuk mengizinkannya merekam acaranya dan menjadi artis pertama yang melakukan prarekaman pada acara radionya dan menyimpan rekaman komersialnya ke dalam pita magnetik. Crosby telah dikaitkan dengan musim Natal sejak ia membintangi film musikal Irving Berlin Holiday Inn dan juga bernyanyi "White Christmas" di dalam film dengan nama yang sama. Melalui rekaman audio, Crosby memproduksi program radionya dengan alat dan keterampilan penyutradaraan yang sama (penyuntingan, pengambilan ulang, latihan, penggeseran waktu) yang digunakan dalam produksi film, sebuah praktik yang menjadi standar industri.[14] Selain karyanya dengan rekaman pita audio awal, Crosby membantu mendanai pengembangan pita video, membeli stasiun televisi, membesarkan kuda balap, dan merupakan salah satu pemilik tim bisbol Pittsburgh Pirates, di mana tim tersebut memenangkan dua World Series (1960 dan 1971).
Filmografi
[sunting | sunting sumber]Utama
[sunting | sunting sumber]- The King of Jazz (1930)
- Reaching for the Moon (1930)
- Confessions of a Co-Ed (1931)
- The Big Broadcast (1932)
- College Humor (1933)
- Too Much Harmony (1933)
- Going Hollywood (1933)
- We're Not Dressing (1934)
- She Loves Me Not (1934)
- Here Is My Heart (1934)
- Mississippi (1935)
- Two for Tonight (1935)
- The Big Broadcast of 1936 (1935)
- Millions in the Air (1935)
- Anything Goes (1936)
- Rhythm on the Range (1936)
- Pennies from Heaven (1936)
- Waikiki Wedding (1937)
- Double or Nothing (1937)
- Dr. Rhythm (1938)
- Sing You Sinners (1938)
- Paris Honeymoon (1939)
- East Side of Heaven (1939)
- The Star Maker (1939)
- Road to Singapore (1940)
- If I Had My Way (1940)
- Rhythm on the River (1940)
- Road to Zanzibar (1941)
- Birth of the Blues (1941)
- My Favorite Blonde (1942) (Cameo)
- Holiday Inn (1942)
- Road to Morocco (1942)
- Star Spangled Rhythm (1942)
- Dixie (1943)
- Going My Way (1944)
- The Princess and the Pirate (1944) (Cameo)
- Here Come the Waves (1944)
- Out of This World (1945)
- Duffy's Tavern (1945)
- The Bells of St. Mary's (1945)
- Road to Utopia (1946)
- Blue Skies (1946)
- My Favorite Brunette (1947) (Cameo)
- Welcome Stranger (1947)
- Variety Girl (1947)
- Road to Rio (1947)
- The Emperor Waltz (1948)
- A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (1949)
- Top o' the Morning (1949)
- The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad (1949)
- Riding High (1950)
- Mr. Music (1950)
- Here Comes the Groom (1951)
- Angels in the Outfield (1951) (Cameo)
- The Greatest Show on Earth (1952) (Cameo)
- Son of Paleface (1952) (Cameo)
- Just for You (1952)
- Road to Bali (1952)
- Scared Stiff (1953) (Cameo)
- Little Boy Lost (1953)
- White Christmas (1954)
- The Country Girl (1954)
- Anything Goes (1956)
- High Society (1956)
- Man on Fire (1957)
- Alias Jesse James (1959) (Cameo)
- Say One for Me (1959)
- Let's Make Love (1960) (Cameo)
- High Time (1960)
- Pepe (1960) (Cameo)
- The Road to Hong Kong (1962)
- Robin and the 7 Hoods (1964)
- Cinerama's Russian Adventure (1966)
- Stagecoach (1966)
- Cancel My Reservation (1972) (Cameo)
- That's Entertainment! (1974)
Film kecil
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Two Plus Fours (1930 in film)
- I Surrender Dear (1931 in film)
- One More Chance (1931 in film)
- Dream House (1932 in film)
- Billboard Girl (1932 in film)
- Hollywood on Parade (1932 in film)
- Hollywood on Parade No. 11 (1933 in film)
- Blue of the Night (1933 in film)
- Sing, Bing, Sing (1933 in film)
- Hollywood on Parade No. A-9 (1933 in film)
- Please (1933 in film)
- Just an Echo (1934 in film)
- Star Night at the Cocoanut Grove (1934 in film)
- Screen Snapshots Series 16, No. 5 (1937 in film)
- Don't Hook Now (1938 in film)
- Hollywood Handicap (1938 in film)
- Screen Snapshots Series 18, No. 4 (1938 in film)
- Screen Snapshots Series 18, No. 9 (1939 in film)
- Screen Snapshots: Hollywood Recreations (1940 in film)
- Swing with Bing (1940 in film)
- Angels of Mercy (1941 in film)
- Meet the Stars #6: Stars at Play (1941 in film)
- Show Business at War (1943 in film)
- Road to Victory (1944 in film)
- The All-Star Bond Rally (1945 in film)
- Hollywood Victory Caravan (1945 in film)
- Screen Snapshots: Hollywood Celebrations (1945 in film)
- Screen Snapshots: Famous Fathers and Sons (1946 in film)
- Screen Snapshots: Hollywood's Happy Homes (1949 in film)
- Alberta Vacation (1950 in film)
- You Can Change the World (1951 in film)
- Crusade for Prayer (1952 in film)
- Screen Snapshots: Hollywood Mothers and Fathers (1955 in film)
- Showdown at Ulcer Gulch (1956 in film)
- Bing Presents Oreste (1956 in film)
- The Heart of Show Business (1957 in film)
- Just One More Time (1974 in film)
Karya televisi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- The Bing Crosby Show (1954)
- The Edsel Show (1957)
- Bing Crosby in London (1961)
- The Bing Crosby Show (1964-1965)
- Bing Crosby in Dublin (1965)
- Goldilocks (1971)
- Dr. Cook's Garden (1971)
- Bing Crosby and Fred Astaire: A Couple of Song and Dance Men (1975)
- The Bell Telephone Jubilee (1976)
Diskografi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- 1930 An Album of Cowboy Songs
- 1942 Holiday Inn
- 1944 Going My Way
- 1945 Merry Christmas
- 1953 Le Bing: Song Hits of Paris
- 1953 Some Fine Old Chestnuts
- 1954 White Christmas soundtrack (w/ Peggy Lee dan Danny Kaye)
- 1954 Bing: A Musical Autobiography
- 1955 Merry Christmas
- 1956 High Society (1956 album) (w/Frank Sinatra/Grace Kelly/Louis Armstrong)
- 1956 Songs I Wish I Had Sung the First Time Around
- 1956 Bing Sings Whilst Bregman Swings
- 1956 White Christmas (album)
- 1957 Bing With A Beat
- 1957 Christmas Story
- 1957 New Tricks (album)
- 1957 Bing, His Legendary Years 1931-1957
- 1958 Fancy Meeting You Here ( w/ Rosemary Clooney)
- 1958 Christmas Sing with Bing Around the World
- 1959 How the West was Won
- 1959 Join Bing and Sing Along
- 1960 El Senor Bing
- 1960 Bing and Satchmo
- 1960 101 Gang Songs
- 1961 Holiday in Europe
- 1962 On the Happy Side
- 1962 I Wish You a Merry Christmas
- 1962 Bing Crosby's Christmas Classics - Bing Crosby (album)
- 1962 Swingin' on a Star - Bing Crosby & Frank Sinatra (album)
- 1963 Return to Paradise Islands
- 1963 Great Country Hits
- 1964 Robin & the Seven Hoods Soundtrack (w/Frank Sinatra/Dean Martin/Sammy Davis Jr)
- 1965 That Travelin' Two-Beat (w/ Rosemary Clooney)
- 1965 The Songs I Love
- 1968 Thoroughly Modern Bing
- 1968 The Songs I Love
- 1968 Hey Jude Hey Bing
- 1971 A Time to Be Jolly
- 1972 Bing 'n' Basie
- 1975 A Southern Memoir
- 1975 That's What Life Is All About
- 1975 Bingo Viejo
- 1975 All-Time Best of Bing Crosby
- 1975 A Couple of Song and Dance Men
- 1976 Bing Crosby Live at the London Palladium
- 1976 At My Time of Life
- 1976 Feels Good Feels Right
- 1976 Beautiful Memories
- 1977 Seasons
Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ Communications, Museum of Broadcast (2004). The Museum of Broadcast Communications Encyclopedia of Radio (dalam bahasa Inggris). Fitzroy Dearborn. ISBN 978-1-57958-431-3.
- ^ Prigozy, Ruth; Raubicheck, Walter (2007). Going My Way: Bing Crosby and American Culture (dalam bahasa Inggris). University Rochester Press. ISBN 978-1-58046-261-7.
- ^ a b Giddins, Gary (2001). Bing Crosby: A Pocketful of Dreams (edisi ke-1). Little, Brown. hlm. 30–31. ISBN 0-316-88188-0.
- ^ "Bing Crosby – Hollywood Star Walk". Los Angeles Times.
- ^ Young, Larry (October 15, 1977). "Bing Crosby dies of heart attack". Spokesman-Review. hlm. 1.
- ^ Gilliland 1994, cassette 1 side B.
- ^ Giddins, Gary (January 28, 2001). "MUSIC; Bing Crosby, The Unsung King of Song". The New York Times (dalam bahasa Inggris). ISSN 0362-4331. Diakses tanggal May 27, 2020.
- ^ Giddins, Gary (2018). Bing Crosby – Swinging on a Star – The War Years 1940–1946. New York: Little, Brown & Co. hlm. 546. ISBN 978-0-316-88792-2.
- ^ a b Hoffman, Frank. "Crooner". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal March 11, 2007. Diakses tanggal December 29, 2006.
- ^ a b Stanley, Bob, Let's Do It: The Birth of Pop Music, Pegasus Books, 2022, pg. 220
- ^ Tapley, Krostopher (December 10, 2015). "Sylvester Stallone Could Join Exclusive Oscar Company with 'Creed' Nomination". Variety. Diakses tanggal February 29, 2016.
- ^ "Hollywood Star Walk". Projects.latimes.com.
- ^ "Bing Crosby". Hollywood Walk of Fame. October 25, 2019.
- ^ "Engineering and Technology History Wiki". Ethw.org. Diakses tanggal January 19, 2019.
Pranala luar
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Bing Crosby di IMDb (dalam bahasa Inggris)
- Bing Crosby's Official Site
- Bing Crosby Internet Museum Diarsipkan 2007-10-22 di Wayback Machine.
- Bing Crosby Collection at Gonzaga University
- Most Popular Entertainer of the Twentieth Century Diarsipkan 2007-10-22 di Wayback Machine.
- Most popular Singers of the 20th century Diarsipkan 2007-12-15 di Wayback Machine.
- Bing on the Phil Silvers Show
- Conference Bing Crosby (November 2002)
- Bing Crosby Article - by Dr. Frank Hoffmann Diarsipkan 2007-03-11 di Wayback Machine.
- The Interational Club Crosby Fan Club Diarsipkan 2008-12-06 di Wayback Machine.
- BING magazine (a publication of the ICC)
- "Bing still matters" article by Ted Nesi in The Sun Chronicle
Penghargaan
[sunting | sunting sumber]Penghargaan dan prestasi | ||
---|---|---|
Didahului oleh: Paul Lukas untuk film Watch on the Rhine |
Aktor Terbaik (Oscar) 1944 untuk film Going My Way |
Diteruskan oleh: Ray Milland untuk film The Lost Weekend |