Daftar bendungan tertinggi di Tiongkok
Bendungan-bendungan tertinggi di Tiongkok adalah beberapa bendungan tertinggi di dunia. Sekitar 22,000 bendungan yang memiliki tinggi lebih dari 15 meter (49 ft) – sekitar setelah dari total seluruh dunia – dibangun di Tiongkok sejak 1950an. Beberapa bendungan tertinggi terletak di bagian barat daya negara tersebut (Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan) di sungai-sungai seperti Mekong, Yangtze, dan aliran hulunya (Sungai Jinsha) dan anak-anak sungainya (Yalong, Dadu, Min dan Wu). Sungai Kuning di bagian barat negara tersebut juga memiliki beberapa bendungan tertinggi. Keperluan untuk struktur-struktur tinggi tersebut meliputi pengendalian banjir, irigasi dan yang paling umum pembangkit listrik tenaga air. Disamping bermanfaat, beberapa bendungan di sepanjang negara tersebut dikritik karena dampaknya pada lingkungan, pemindahan warga lokal dan dampak pada arus sungai lintas perbatasan.[1] Saat ini, bendungan tertinggi di dunia dan negara tersebut, Bendungan Jinping-I, sebuah bendungan lengkung setinggi 305 m (1.001 ft), yang terletak di Sichuan.[2] Bendungan urugan tertinggi di Tiongkok adalah Bendungan Nuozhadu setinggi 261 m (856 ft) di Yunnan. Bendungan gravitasi tertinggi di negara tersebut adalah Bendungan Longtan, yang memiliki tinggi 2.162 m (7.093 ft) dan berada di Guangxi.[3] Dengan ketinggian 233 m (764 ft), Bendungan Shuibuya di Hubei merupakan bendungan urugan batu wajah beton tertinggi di negara tersebut.[4][5] Di Sichuan, pemerintah membangun Bendungan Shuangjiangkou setinggi 312 m (1.024 ft) yang akan menjadi bendungan tertinggi di dunia saat selesai.[6][7]
Daftar
[sunting | sunting sumber]Seluruh bendungan Tiongkok setinggi lebih dari 100 m (330 ft) dicantumkan di bawah ini.
Selesai
[sunting | sunting sumber]Referensi
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