Ekspansi Viking

Ekspansi Viking adalah cara yang dilakukan oleh pasukan Skandinavia, atau yang dikenal dalam pembelajaran modern sebagai bangsa Viking, berlayar ke sebagian besar Atlantik Utara, mencapai Afrika Utara di bagian selatan dan Rusia di bagian timur, Konstantinopel dan Timur Tengah sebagai penjarah, pedagang, kolonis dan merkantil. Pasukan Viking pimpinan Leif Erikson, pewaris Erik si Merah, mencapai Amerika Utara dan menghimpun pemukiman jangka pendek di L'Anse aux Meadows, Newfoundland, Kanada. Pemukiman lainnya yang didirikan dan berjangka lebih lama dibentuk di Greenland, Islandia, Kepulauan Faroe, Britania Raya, Irlandia dan Normandy.

Motivasi untuk ekspansi

Terdapat perdebatan besar di kalangan sejarawan tentang apa tujuan dari ekspansi Viking. Salah satu gagasan yang diajukan berkaitan dengan realisasi melawan Eropa daratan atas invasi mereka sebelumnya terhadap tanah air Viking, seperti kampanye Charlemagne untuk memaksa bangsa pagan Skandinavia untuk masuk agama Kristen dengan membunuh siapapun yang menolak untuk dibaptis.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5] Sejarawan Rudolf Simek menyatakan, "Tak tepat jika kegiatan Viking awal terjadi pada masa pemerintahan Charlemagne."^[6]^[7]

Referensi

^ Rudolf Simek, "The emergence of the Viking age: circumstances and conditions", The Vikings first Europeans VIII — XI century — the new discoveries of archaeology, other, 2005, pp. 24–25.
^ Bruno Dumézil, master of Conference at Paris X-Nanterre, Normalien, aggregated history, author of Conversion and freedom in the barbarian kingdoms, 5th - 8th centuries (Fayard, 2005)
^ "Franques Royal Annals" cited in Peter Sawyer, The Oxford Illustrated History of the Vikings, 2001, p. 20.
^ Dictionnaire d'histoire de France – Perrin — Alain Decaux and André Castelot. 1981. pp. 184–85 ISBN 2-7242-3080-9.
^ Les vikings: Histoire, mythes, dictionnaire R. Boyer, Robert Laffont, 2008, p96 ISBN 978-2-221-10631-0
^ Rudolf Simek, "the emergence of the Viking age: circumstances and conditions", "The vikings first Europeans VIII — XI century — the new discoveries of archaeology", other, 2005, pp. 24–25
^ François-Xavier Dillmann, Viking civilisation and culture. A bibliography of French-language, Caen, Centre for research on the countries of the North and Northwest, University of Caen, 1975, p. 19, and Les Vikings — the Scandinavian and European 800–1200, 22nd exhibition of art from the Council of Europe, 1992, p. 26.

[Simek2005-1] Rudolf Simek, "The emergence of the Viking age: circumstances and conditions", The Vikings first Europeans VIII — XI century — the new discoveries of archaeology, other, 2005, pp. 24–25.

[2] Bruno Dumézil, master of Conference at Paris X-Nanterre, Normalien, aggregated history, author of Conversion and freedom in the barbarian kingdoms, 5th - 8th centuries (Fayard, 2005)

[annals_R.20-3] "Franques Royal Annals" cited in Peter Sawyer, The Oxford Illustrated History of the Vikings, 2001, p. 20.

[4] Dictionnaire d'histoire de France – Perrin — Alain Decaux and André Castelot. 1981. pp. 184–85 ISBN 2-7242-3080-9.

[5] Les vikings: Histoire, mythes, dictionnaire R. Boyer, Robert Laffont, 2008, p96 ISBN 978-2-221-10631-0

[6] Rudolf Simek, "the emergence of the Viking age: circumstances and conditions", "The vikings first Europeans VIII — XI century — the new discoveries of archaeology", other, 2005, pp. 24–25

[7] François-Xavier Dillmann, Viking civilisation and culture. A bibliography of French-language, Caen, Centre for research on the countries of the North and Northwest, University of Caen, 1975, p. 19, and Les Vikings — the Scandinavian and European 800–1200, 22nd exhibition of art from the Council of Europe, 1992, p. 26.

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