Hum-hum

Hum-hum ;
	Littorinidae
	; Hum-hum eropa Littorina littorea
Taksonomi
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Famili	Littorinidae ; Children, 1834
Diversitas
	Two freshwater species and numerous marine species.
Subfamilies
	Littorininae Children, 1834; Lacuninae Gray, 1857; Laevilitorininae Reid, 1989;

Littorinidae adalah keluarga taksonomi lebih dari 200 spesies siput laut, moluska gastropoda laut dalam klade Littorinimorpha, umumnya dikenal sebagai hum-hum (bahasa Inggris : Periwinkle) dan ditemukan di seluruh dunia.^[3]

Taksonomi

Afrolittorina Williams, Reid & Littlewood, 2003
Austrolittorina Rosewater, 1970
Cenchritis von Martens, 1900
Echinolittorina Habe, 1956 – synonyms: Amerolittorina Reid, 2009;^[4] Fossarilittorina Rosewater, 1981; Granulilittorina Habe & Kosuge, 1966; Lineolittorina Reid, 2009^[4]
Littoraria Griffith & Pidgeon, 1834 – 39 species
Littorina Férussac, 1822 – 18 species – type genus
Mainwaringia Nevill, 1885^[5]
Melarhaphe Menke, 1828
Nodilittorina von Martens, 1897 – this genus proved to be polyphyletic and in 2003 was divided into:
- Echinolittorina – 59 species worldwide
- Austrolittorina – five species
- Afrolittorina – four species
- Nodilittorina s.s. – the monotypic subgenus^[6]
Peasiella - Nevill, 1885
Tectarius Valenciennes, 1833 – 11 species, its synonym or subgenus includes: Echininus Clench & Abbott, 1942.

subfamili ?

Corneolitorina Powell, 1951: sinonim dari Laevilitorina (Laevilitorina) Pfeffer di Martens & Pfeffer, 1886 direpresentasikan sebagai Laevilitorina Pfeffer, 1886
Haloconcha Dall, 1886 adalah sinonim untuk Lacunaria Dall, 1885
Macquariella Finlay, 1926: sinonim dari Laevilitorina Pfeffer, 1886
Rissolittorina Ponder, 1966: sinonim dari Laevilitorina Pfeffer, 1886

^ Children J. G. (1834). Synopsis of the contents of the British Museum. ed. 28: 110.
^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama Strong 2008
^ Tunnell, John W.; Andrews, Jean; Barrera, Noe C.; Moretzsohn, Fabio (2010-07-15). Encyclopedia of Texas Seashells: Identification, Ecology, Distribution, and History (dalam bahasa Inggris). Texas A&M University Press. hlm. 398. ISBN 978-1-60344-141-4.
^ ^a ^b Reid, D. G. (2009). "The genus Echinolittorina Habe, 1956 (Gastropoda: Littorinidae) in the western Atlantic Ocean" (PDF). Zootaxa. 2184: 1–103. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2184.1.1.
^ (file created 29 July 2010) FRESH WATER MOLLUSCAN SPECIES IN INDIA^{[pranala nonaktif]}. 11 pp. accessed 31 July 2010.
^ S T Williams; D G Reid; D T J Littlewood (2003). "A molecular phylogeny of the Littorininae (Gastropoda: Littorinidae): unequal evolutionary rates, morphological parallelism, and biogeography of the Southern Ocean". Mol Phylogenet Evol. 28 (1): 60–86. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00038-1. PMID 12801472. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 5 October 2012.
^ Blanford W. T. (1869). "Notes on some Indian and Mascarene Land-Shells". Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4)3: 340-344. page 343.