Megachasma

Megachasma; Rentang waktu: Priabonium–sekarang PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Megachasma pelagios
Klasifikasi ilmiah
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kerajaan:	Animalia
Filum:	Chordata
Kelas:	Chondrichthyes
Superordo:	Selachimorpha
Ordo:	Lamniformes
Famili:	Megachasmidae; Taylor, Compagno & Struhsaker, 1983
Genus:	Megachasma; Taylor, Compagno & Struhsaker, 1983
Spesies
	Megachasma alisonae (punah); Megachasma applegatei (punah); Megachasma pelagios;

Megachasma adalah sebuah genus hiu makerel. Genus ini biasanya dianggap sebagai satu-satunya genus dalam famili Megachasmidae, meski ada dugaan bahwa genus ini mungkin termasuk dalam famili Cetorhinidae.^[1] Di dalamnya hanya terdapat satu spesies hidup, yakni Megachasma pelagios (Hiu bermulut besar).^[2]^[3]

Selain M. pelagios yang masih hidup, dua spesies yang telah punah yakni M. alisonae (hidup pada zaman Priabonium)^[4] dan M. applegatei (hidup pada zaman Oligosen–Miosen) juga baru-baru ini diusulkan berdasarkan sisa-sisa fosil gigi.^[5]^[6] Leluhur awal spesies Megachasma pelagios dilaporkan berasal dari zaman Miosen awal (Burdigalian) di Belgia.^[7] Namun M.comanchensis yang diperkirakan hidup pada zaman Kapur baru-baru ini diklasifikasikan ulang sebagai hiu pasir dalam genus Pseudomegachasma, dan sebenarnya tidak berkerabat dengan hiu mulut besar meskipun morfologi giginya serupa.^[8]

Genus ini merupakan genus hiu sangat langka yang banyak ditemukan di perairan beriklim sedang dan tropis di antara samudra Pasifik, Atlantik, dan Hindia. Tempat pengamatan teratasnya yakni Taiwan, Jepang, dan Filipina.^[9]

Referensi

^ Martin, A. P.; Naylor, G. J. (1997). "Independent origins of filter-feeding in megamouth and basking sharks (order Lamniformes) inferred from phylogenetic analysis of cytochrome b gene sequences". Dalam Kazunari Y ano; Jobn F. Morrissey; Yoshitaka Yabumoto; Kazuhiro Nakaya. Biology of the Megamouth Shark (PDF). Tokyo: Tokai University Press. hlm. 39–50.
^ "Megachasma pelagios Taylor, Compagno & Struhsaker, 1983 Megamouth shark". Fishbase.
^ "Megachasma pelagios". Florida museum.
^ Shimada, Kenshu, and David J. Ward. "The oldest fossil record of the megamouth shark from the late Eocene of Denmark, and comments on the enigmatic megachasmid origin." [1]
^ Shimada, K. 2007. Mesozoic origin for megamouth shark (Lamniformes: Megachasmidae). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27:512–516. (Link at BioOne)
^ Shimada, K., Welton, B.J., and Long, D.J. 2014. A new fossil megamouth shark (Lamniformes, Megachasmidae) from the Oligocene-Miocene of the western United States. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 34:281-290.
^ De Schutter, P., Everaert, S. 2020. A megamouth shark (Lamniformes: Megachasmidae) in the Burdigalian of Belgium.Geologica Belgica Volume 23 number 3-4 - The Neogene stratigraphy of northern Belgium.[2]
^ Shimada, Kenshu; Popov, Evgeny V.; Siversson, Mikael; Welton, Bruce J.; Long, Douglas J. (2015-09-03). "A new clade of putative plankton-feeding sharks from the Upper Cretaceous of Russia and the United States". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 35 (5): e981335. Bibcode:2015JVPal..35E1335S. doi:10.1080/02724634.2015.981335. ISSN 0272-4634.
^ Watanabe, YY, Papastamatiou, YP. Distribution, body size and biology of the megamouth shark Megachasma pelagios. J Fish Biol. 2019; 95: 992– 998. https://doi-org.edu/10.1111/jfb.14007

[1] Martin, A. P.; Naylor, G. J. (1997). "Independent origins of filter-feeding in megamouth and basking sharks (order Lamniformes) inferred from phylogenetic analysis of cytochrome b gene sequences". Dalam Kazunari Y ano; Jobn F. Morrissey; Yoshitaka Yabumoto; Kazuhiro Nakaya. Biology of the Megamouth Shark (PDF). Tokyo: Tokai University Press. hlm. 39–50.

[2] "Megachasma pelagios Taylor, Compagno & Struhsaker, 1983 Megamouth shark". Fishbase.

[3] "Megachasma pelagios". Florida museum.

[malisonae-4] Shimada, Kenshu, and David J. Ward. "The oldest fossil record of the megamouth shark from the late Eocene of Denmark, and comments on the enigmatic megachasmid origin." [1]

[5] Shimada, K. 2007. Mesozoic origin for megamouth shark (Lamniformes: Megachasmidae). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27:512–516. (Link at BioOne)

[6] Shimada, K., Welton, B.J., and Long, D.J. 2014. A new fossil megamouth shark (Lamniformes, Megachasmidae) from the Oligocene-Miocene of the western United States. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 34:281-290.

[7] De Schutter, P., Everaert, S. 2020. A megamouth shark (Lamniformes: Megachasmidae) in the Burdigalian of Belgium.Geologica Belgica Volume 23 number 3-4 - The Neogene stratigraphy of northern Belgium.[2]

[8] Shimada, Kenshu; Popov, Evgeny V.; Siversson, Mikael; Welton, Bruce J.; Long, Douglas J. (2015-09-03). "A new clade of putative plankton-feeding sharks from the Upper Cretaceous of Russia and the United States". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 35 (5): e981335. Bibcode:2015JVPal..35E1335S. doi:10.1080/02724634.2015.981335. ISSN 0272-4634.

[9] Watanabe, YY, Papastamatiou, YP. Distribution, body size and biology of the megamouth shark Megachasma pelagios. J Fish Biol. 2019; 95: 992– 998. https://doi-org.edu/10.1111/jfb.14007

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