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Orang Britania Raya

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Orang Britania
Jumlah populasi
Daerah dengan populasi signifikan
 Britania Raya57,678,000[A][2]
 Amerika Serikat
[3][4]
 Australia
[6]
 Kanada
[7]
 Selandia Baru
[8]
 Afrika Selatan
  • 1,603,575
  • 750,000[D]
[6][9]
 Chili700,000[B][10]
 Prancis400,000[D][11]
 Irlandia291,000[D][6]
 Argentina250,000[B][12]
Britania Raya Wilayah Seberang Laut Britania Raya247,899[13]
 Uni Emirat Arab240,000[C][14]
 Spanyol236,669[D][15][16]
 Peru150,000[B][17]
 Jerman115,000[C][18]
 Pakistan79,447[D][19]
 Siprus59,000[C][18]
 Thailand51,000[C][20]
 Singapura45,000[C][20]
 Swiss45,000[C][21]
 Belanda44,000[C][21]
 Israel44,000[22]
 Portugal41,000[C][21]
 Swedia39,989[C]
 Italia
 Norwegia34,279[B][24]
 Turki34,000[C][21]
 India32,000[C][25]
 Kenya29,000[C][26]
 Belgia28,000[C][21]
 Barbados27,000[C][27]
 Arab Saudi26,000[C]
 Jamaika25,000[C][27]
Bahasa
Agama

Orang Britania (bahasa Inggris: British people) adalah warga Kerajaan Bersatu Britania Raya dan Irlandia Utara, Wilayah Seberang Laut Britania, dan Dependensi Kerajaan.[28][29][30] Hukum kewarganegaraan Britania Raya mengatur kewarganegaraan dan kewarganegaraan Britania modern, yang dapat diperoleh, misalnya, dengan keturunan dari warga negara Britania. Ketika digunakan dalam konteks sejarah, "orang Britania" atau "orang Briton" juga dapat merujuk pada orang Suku Briton, penduduk asli Britania Raya, dan Brittany yang anggotanya yang masih bertahan adalah Bangsa Wales modern, Kernowyon, dan Breton. Bangsa ini juga dapat merujuk pada warga bekas Imperium Britania.

Meskipun pernyataan awal menjadi orang Britania berasal dari Abad Pertengahan Akhir, penciptaan Kerajaan Britania Raya[31][32][33][34][35] pada tahun 1707 memicu rasa identitas nasional Britania.[36] Gagasan kebangsaan Britania (Britishness) ditempa selama Perang Napoleon antara Britania dan Kekaisaran Pertama Prancis,dan dikembangkan lebih lanjut selama era Victoria.[37] Sejarah kompleks pembentukan Kerajaan Bersatu Britania Raya dan Irlandia menciptakan "rasa kebangsaan dan kepemilikan" di Inggris dan Irlandia; Gagasan kebangsaan Britania ditumpangkan pada identitas yang jauh lebih tua", dari budaya Inggris, Skotlandia, Welsh, dan Irlandia, yang kekhasannya masih menolak gagasan tentang identitas Britania yang homogen.[38] Karena perpecahan etnis-sektarian yang sudah lama, identitas Britania di Irlandia Utara sangat kontroversial, tetapi dipegang dengan keyakinan kuat oleh kaum Union.[39]

Orang Britania modern diturunkan terutama dari berbagai kelompok etnis yang menetap di Pulau Britania Raya pada dan sebelum abad ke-11: Prasejarah, Brittonik, Romawi, Anglo-Saxon, Norse, dan Normandia.[40] Penyatuan politik progresif Kepulauan Britania memfasilitasi migrasi, pertukaran budaya dan bahasa, dan perkawinan antara orang-orang Inggris, Skotlandia, Wales, dan Irlandia selama Abad Pertengahan, akhir periode modern awal dan seterusnya.[41][42] Sejak 1922 dan sebelumnya, telah ada imigrasi ke Britania Raya oleh orang-orang dari tempat yang sekarang menjadi Republik Irlandia, Negara-negara Persemakmuran, daratan utama Eropa dan tempat lain; mereka dan keturunan mereka sebagian besar adalah warga negara Britania, dengan beberapa orang mengasumsikan identitas Britania, kewarganegaraan ganda, atau ditulis dgn tanda penghubung.[43]

Bangsa Britania adalah masyarakat multikultural, multi-bangsa,[44] dan multibahasa, dengan "aksen, ekspresi, dan identitas daerah yang kuat".[45][46] Struktur sosial Britania Raya telah berubah secara drastis sejak abad ke-19, dengan penurunan ketaatan beragama, peningkatan kelas menengah, dan peningkatan keragaman etnis, khususnya sejak 1950-an. Penduduk Kerajaan Bersatu Britania Raya dan Irlandia Utara berjumlah sekitar 66 juta,[47] dengan diaspora Britania sekitar 140 juta jiwa terkonsentrasi di Australia, Kanada, dan Selandia Baru, dengan konsentrasi lebih kecil di Amerika Serikat, Republik Irlandia, Chili, Afrika Selatan dan bagian-bagiannya. dari Karibia.[48]

Lihat pula

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Referensi

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Sumber

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Bacaan lebih lanjut

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Pranala luar

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  1. ^ Richards 2004, hlm. 255.
  2. ^ Population By Country of Birth and Nationality tables January 2013 to December 2013. Retrieved 04_11_2014
  3. ^ "Selected social characteristics in the United States: 2013–2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". US Census Bureau. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2020-02-13. Diakses tanggal 26 August 2019. 
  4. ^ a b Brits Abroad: Country-by-country, BBC News, 11 December 2006, diakses tanggal 24 May 2009 
  5. ^ Numerical estimate based on the total percentage of population identifying their principal ancestry as Scottish, English or Welsh. "CULTURAL DIVERSITY IN AUSTRALIA, 2016". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 12 August 2017. Diakses tanggal 2 December 2018. 
  6. ^ a b c Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama BritsAbroad
  7. ^ Canadians of British Isles origin with the exception of those identifying their ancestry as Irish only. "Census Profile, 2016 Census". Statistics Canada. Diakses tanggal 2 December 2018. 
  8. ^ Statistics New Zealand (4 February 2009), QuickStats About Culture and Identity, stats.govt.nz, diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 19 February 2008, diakses tanggal 18 May 2009 
  9. ^ Census 2011: Census in brief (PDF). Pretoria: Statistics South Africa. 2012. hlm. 26. ISBN 9780621413885. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 13 May 2015.  The number of people who described themselves as white in terms of population group and specified their first language as English in South Africa's 2011 Census was 1,603,575. The total white population with a first language specified was 4,461,409 and the total population was 51,770,560.
  10. ^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama british
  11. ^ Erwin Dopf. "Présentation du Royaume-Uni". diplomatie.gouv.fr. Diakses tanggal 8 April 2014. 
  12. ^ Chavez, Lydia (23 June 1985), "Fare of the country: A bit of Britain in Argentina", The New York Times, diakses tanggal 21 May 2009 
  13. ^ See the article entitled British overseas territories.
  14. ^ "The other special relationship: the UAE and the UK". The National. Abu Dhabi. 21 November 2010. Diakses tanggal 26 February 2014. 
  15. ^ "TablaPx". www.ine.es. 
  16. ^ Govan, Fiona (22 April 2014). "End to Mediterranean dream for 90,000 Britons who left Spain last year". Telegraph.co.uk. 
  17. ^ Erwin Dopf. "Inmigración británica al Perú". Espejodelperu.com.pe. Diakses tanggal 8 April 2014. 
  18. ^ a b The most popular British emigration destinations, local.live.com, 13 April 2007, diakses tanggal 24 May 2009 
  19. ^ Gishkori, Zahid (30 July 2015). "Karachi has witnessed 43% decrease in target killing: Nisar". The Express Tribune. Diakses tanggal 3 August 2017. As many as 116,308 Afghan nationals are living as immigrants in the country, higher than any other country," Nisar told the House. Besides Afghans, 52,486 Americans, 79,447 British citizens and 17,320 Canadians are residing in the country, the interior minister added. 
  20. ^ a b Brits Abroad: Asia-Pacific, BBC News, 11 December 2006, diakses tanggal 24 May 2009 
  21. ^ a b c d e Brits Abroad: Europe, BBC News, 11 December 2006, diakses tanggal 24 May 2009 
  22. ^ Brits Abroad: Middle East, BBC News, 11 December 2006, diakses tanggal 24 May 2009 
  23. ^ "Britannici in Italia - statistiche e distribuzione per regione". 
  24. ^ "Persons with immigrant background by immigration category, country background and sex". Statistics Norway. ssb.no. 1 January 2009. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 15 November 2011. Diakses tanggal 16 December 2011. 
  25. ^ Brits Abroad: Asia, BBC News, 11 December 2006, diakses tanggal 24 May 2009 
  26. ^ Brits Abroad: Africa, BBC News, 11 December 2006, diakses tanggal 24 May 2009 
  27. ^ a b Brits Abroad: Caribbean, BBC News, 11 December 2006, diakses tanggal 24 May 2009 
  28. ^ Cfr. Interpretation Act 1978, Sched. 1. By the British Nationality Act 1981, s. 50 (1), the United Kingdom includes the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man for the purposes of nationality law.
  29. ^ Macdonald 1969:
  30. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (2004), British (edisi ke-Fourth), dictionary.reference.com, diakses tanggal 19 February 2009 : "Brit·ish (brĭt'ĭsh) adj.
  31. ^ Uniting the kingdom?, nationalarchives.gov.uk, diakses tanggal 4 January 2011 
  32. ^ Acts of Union 1707, Parliament of the United Kingdom, diakses tanggal 4 January 2011 
  33. ^ Making the Act of Union 1707 (PDF), Parliament of the United Kingdom, diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 11 May 2011, diakses tanggal 4 January 2011 
  34. ^ The Union of the Parliaments 1707, Learning and Teaching Scotland, diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2 January 2012, diakses tanggal 28 January 2011 
  35. ^ "THE TREATY or Act of the Union". scotshistoryonline.co.uk. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-05-27. Diakses tanggal 12 December 2009. 
  36. ^ Colley 1992.
  37. ^ Colley 1992.
  38. ^ Colley 1992.
  39. ^ CAIN Web Service, British? Irish? Or what?, cain.ulst.ac.uk, diakses tanggal 19 February 2009 
  40. ^ United States Department of State (July 2008), United Kingdom - People, state.gov, diakses tanggal 19 February 2009 
  41. ^ Trudgill 1984.
  42. ^ Richardson & Ashford 1993.
  43. ^ Ward 2004.
  44. ^ Gordon Brown: We must defend the Union The Daily Telegraph, 25 March 2008
  45. ^ UK dialects 'strong and varied', BBC, 15 August 2005, diakses tanggal 19 February 2009 
  46. ^ Rosen 2003.
  47. ^ "Population estimates for UK, England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland: mid-2017". www.ons.gov.uk. 
  48. ^ Ember et al. 2004.


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