Orang Tionghoa perantauan
Tampilan
Jumlah populasi | |
---|---|
sekitar 50,000,000 sekitar 3.7% dari penduduk lokal (2012)[1][2][3][4] | |
Daerah dengan populasi signifikan | |
Thailand | 9,392,792[5] |
Malaysia | 6,960,900[6] |
Amerika Serikat | 3,794,673[7] |
Indonesia | 2,832,510-[8] |
Singapura | 2,808,300[9] |
Myanmar | 1,637,540[10][11] |
Kanada | 1,487,580[12] |
Peru | 1,300,000[13] |
Filipina | 1,146,250[14] |
Vietnam | 970,927[15] |
Australia | 866,200[16] |
Kamboja | 782,600[17] |
Prancis | 700,000[18] |
Korea Selatan | 696,861[19] |
Jepang | 674,871[20] |
Britania Raya | 500,000[21] |
Venezuela | 400,000[22] |
Afrika Selatan | 350,000[23] |
Italia | 304,768[24] |
Angola | 259,000[25] |
Rusia | 200,000-400,000[26][27] |
Laos | 190,000[13] |
Uni Emirat Arab | 180,000[28] |
Brasil | 151,000[13] |
Selandia Baru | 147,570[29] |
Spanyol | 145,245[30] |
Panama | 135,000[31] |
Argentina | 120,000[32][33][34] |
Bahasa | |
Bahasa Tionghoa dan berbagai bahasa negara yang mereka tinggali | |
Agama | |
Umumnya Buddhisme, Taoisme dengan Konfusianisme. Signifikan Kristen, sebagian kecil Muslim dan agama minoritas lainnya. | |
Kelompok etnik terkait | |
Orang China |
Diaspora Tionghoa atau Orang Tionghoa perantauan (Hanzi tradisional: 海外華人; Hanzi sederhana: 海外华人; Pinyin: Hǎiwài Huárén) atau Hoakiao (Hanzi: 华侨; Pinyin: huáqiáo) dalam dialek Min-Nan, adalah orang Tionghoa yang lahir atau memiliki keturunan yang tinggal di luar negara Tiongkok. Sebagian orang Tionghoa yang hidup di luar Tiongkok Daratan juga menganggap diri mereka sebagai Tionghoa Perantauan. Tionghoa perantauan mayoritas adalah etnis suku Han, atau berasal dari kelompok etnis di Tiongkok lainnya.[35]
Statistik
Lihat pula
Bacaan tambahan
- Barabantseva, Elena. Overseas Chinese, Ethnic Minorities and Nationalism: De-centering China, Oxon/New York: Routledge, 2011.
- Chin, Ung Ho. The Chinese of South East Asia, London: Minority Rights Group, 2000. ISBN 1-897693-28-1
- Fitzgerald, John. Big White Lie: Chinese Australians in White Australia, UNSW Press, Sydney, 2007. ISBN 978-0-86840-870-5
- Kuhn, Philip A. Chinese Among Others: Emigration in Modern Times, Lanham, MD/Plymouth: Rowman & Littlefield, 2008.
- López-Calvo, Ignacio. Imaging the Chinese in Cuban Literature and Culture, Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida, 2008. ISBN 0-8130-3240-7
- Pan, Lynn. The Encyclopedia of the Chinese Overseas, Landmark Books, Singapore, 1998. ISBN 981-4155-90-X
- Tan, Chee-Beng. Chinese Overseas: Comparative Cultural Issues, Hong Kong University Press, 2004.
Pranala luar
- Andrewkidz Collections Library - The Overseas Chinese Biographies
- Overseas Chinese Affairs Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China (Chinese)
- Overseas Chinese Affairs Commission, R.O.C.
- Ohio University Study on Distribution of the Overseas Chinese Population Diarsipkan 2008-10-08 di Wayback Machine.
- The Distribution of the Overseas Chinese in the Contemporary World Diarsipkan 2009-07-10 di Wayback Machine.
- Museum of Chinese in the Americas
- The Overseas Chinese returnees movement Diarsipkan 2010-03-12 di Wayback Machine. (Chinese)
- Chinese in Africa Diarsipkan 2009-03-27 di Wayback Machine.
Referensi
- ^ 张明爱 (2012-03-11). "Reforms urged to attract overseas Chinese". China.org.cn. Diakses tanggal 2012-05-28.
- ^ "Hu meets overseas Chinese organizations leaders|Politics". chinadaily.com.cn. 2012-04-09. Diakses tanggal 2012-05-28.
- ^ "President meets leaders of overseas Chinese organizations". English.gov.cn. 2012-04-09. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-05-28. Diakses tanggal 2012-05-28.
- ^ Huiyao Wang (May 24, 2012). "CHINA'S COMPETITION FOR GLOBAL TALENTS: STRATEGY, POLICY AND RECOMMENDATIONS" (PDF). Asia Pacific. hlm. 2. Diakses tanggal May 28, 2012.
- ^ a b c d Thailand Diarsipkan 2018-12-25 di Wayback Machine. Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affair
- ^ "Malaysia". Background Notes. United States: Department of State. December 2010. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-08-24. Diakses tanggal 2009-05-08
- ^ a b "Race Reporting for the Asian Population by Selected Categories: 2010". U.S. Census Bureau. Diakses tanggal 17 January 2012.
- ^ Kewarganegaraan, Suku Bangsa, Agama dan Bahasa Sehari-hari Penduduk Indonesia Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2010. Badan Pusat Statistik. 2011. ISBN 9789790644175.
- ^ a b "POPULATION TRENDS 2013" (PDF), Singapore Department of Statistics, Social Statistics Section, diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2013-11-13, diakses tanggal 2012-05-07 Kesalahan pengutipan: Tanda
<ref>
tidak sah; nama "Singapore Census 2011" didefinisikan berulang dengan isi berbeda - ^ a b "CIA - The World Factbook". Cia.gov. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2010-11-04. Diakses tanggal 2012-05-07.
- ^ "Burma". State.gov. 2011-08-03. Diakses tanggal 2012-05-07.
- ^ [1] Diarsipkan 2015-04-29 di Wayback Machine. (Ethnic origins, 2011 counts, for Canada, provinces and territories - 20% sample data)
- ^ a b c http://www.ocac.gov.tw/download.asp?tag=P&file=DownFile/File_17979.pdf&no=17979
- ^ a b http://www.ocac.gov.tw/english/public/public.asp?selno=1163&no=1163&level=B
- ^ a b General Statistics Office of Vietnam. "Kết quả toàn bộ Tổng điều tra Dân số và Nhà ở Việt Nam năm 2009–Phần I: Biểu Tổng hợp". hlm. 134/882. Diakses tanggal 2012-12-13.
- ^ http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/2071.0main+features902012-2013
- ^ http://sokheounpang.wordpress.com/2012/02/01/cambodia-is-under-chinese-cultural-influence-hun-xens-confession/
- ^ http://www.slate.fr/story/23827/chinois-de-france-ne-veut-rien-dire
- ^ http://article.joinsmsn.com/news/article/article.asp?total_id=5682737&ctg=1200
- ^ a b "平成23年末現在における外国人登録者統計について 法務省(Number of foreign residents by as of 2011)" (dalam bahasa Japanese). Ministry of Justice. 2012-02-22.
- ^ "Salinan arsip". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2017-03-17. Diakses tanggal 2014-07-05.
- ^ http://convergencia.uaemex.mx/rev38/38pdf/LIZCANO.pdf Diarsipkan 2014-02-24 di Wayback Machine. "Chinese people are an important population mostly in Venezuela (400,000)..." P. 201 (in Spanish)
- ^ "Salinan arsip" (PDF). Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2010-12-28. Diakses tanggal 2014-07-05.
- ^ http://demo.istat.it/str2011/query.php?lingua=eng&Rip=S0&paese=A3&submit=Tavola[pranala nonaktif permanen]
- ^ "Angola: Cerca de 259.000 chineses vivem atualmente no país", Visão, 2012-04-25, diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-10-29, diakses tanggal 2013-01-13
- ^ Larin, Victor (2006), "Chinese in the Russian Far East: Regional views", dalam Akaha, Tsuneo; Vassilieva, Anna, Crossing National Borders: human migration issues in Northeast Asia, New York: United Nations University Press, hlm. 47–67, ISBN 92-808-1117-7
- ^ Zayonchkovskaya, Zhanna (2004), "МИГРАЦИЯ ВЫШЛА ИЗ ТЕНИ. На вопросы Виталия КУРЕННОГО отвечает заведующая лабораторией миграции населения Института народно-хозяйственного прогнозирования РАН Жанна ЗАЙОНЧКОВСКАЯ (Migration has left the shadows. Zhanna Zayonchkovskaya, Director of the Population Migration Laboratory of the National Economy Forecasting Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, answers Vitaly Kurrenoy's questions)", Otechestvennye Zapiski, 4 (19), diakses tanggal 2009-01-20
- ^ http://www.timeoutdubai.com/community/features/3683-chinese-expats-in-dubai
- ^ "Salinan arsip". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2008-05-11. Diakses tanggal 2014-07-05.
- ^ a b "Población extranjera por sexo, país de nacionalidad y edad (hasta 85 y más).", Avance del Padrón a 1 de enero de 2009. Datos provisionales, Spain: Instituto Nacional de Estadística, 2009, diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-07-10, diakses tanggal 2009-06-13 Kesalahan pengutipan: Tanda
<ref>
tidak sah; nama "INE" didefinisikan berulang dengan isi berbeda - ^ "Salinan arsip". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2008-12-04. Diakses tanggal 2014-07-05.
- ^ Clarín: As of 2010, Chinese community becomes the fourth largest group of immigrants in Argentina. (Spanyol)
- ^ a b Argentina-China Relations|Americas Quarterly Kesalahan pengutipan: Tanda
<ref>
tidak sah; nama "autogenerated1" didefinisikan berulang dengan isi berbeda - ^ a b Chinese Argentines and the Pace of Cultural Integration
- ^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag
<ref>
tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernamaBarabantseva
- ^ Park, Yoon Jung (2009). Recent Chinese Migrations to South Africa - New Intersections of Race, Class and Ethnicity (PDF). Representation, Expression and Identity. Interdisciplinary Perspectives. ISBN 978-1-904710-81-3. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2010-12-28. Diakses tanggal September 20, 2010.
- ^ "Salinan arsip". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-10-29. Diakses tanggal 2014-07-05.
- ^ Mwanangombe, Lewis (November 1, 2013). "Banks, mines and roads: China expands its reach in welcoming Zambia, but some tension exists". AP.
- ^ Man 2006
- ^ Bureau of Foreign Affairs and Overseas Chinese Affairs 2007
- ^ Background Note: Mauritius, U.S. Department of State: U.S. Department of State, 2010, diakses tanggal 2012-03-24
- ^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag
<ref>
tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernamaalertnet.org
- ^ "Dar-Beijing for improved diplomatic ties". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-05-14. Diakses tanggal 2014-07-05.
- ^ Chinese Language Educational Foundation 1999
- ^ Zhao, Shengnan (2012-05-25), "70 Arrested in Nigeria Freed", China Daily, diakses tanggal 2012-09-03
- ^ "Drivers of change or cut-throat competitors? Challenging Cultures of Innovation of Chinese and Nigerian migrant entrepreneurs in West Africa," p. 10
- ^ a b Sautman, Barry (December 2007). "Friends and Interests: China's Distinctive Links with Africa" (PDF). African Studies Review. 50 (3): 89. doi:10.1353/arw.2008.0014. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2014-06-06. Diakses tanggal 2014-07-05.
- ^ Update on Chinese activities in Namibia, WikiLeaks.org, 2009-04-09
- ^ "1999 年底非洲国家和地区华侨、华人人口数 (1999 year-end statistics on Chinese expatriate and overseas Chinese population numbers in African countries and territories)". Chinese Language Educational Foundation. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-03-05. Diakses tanggal 2014-07-05.
- ^ Thailand Diarsipkan 2018-12-25 di Wayback Machine. CIA World Factbook
- ^ "Malaysia". Background Notes. United States: Department of State. December 2010. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-08-24. Diakses tanggal 2009-05-08.
- ^ http://sp2010.bps.go.id/files/ebook/kewarganegaraan%20penduduk%20indonesia/index.html
- ^ "한국 사는 외국인, 절반이 `王서방` - 중앙일보 뉴스". Article.joinsmsn.com. 2011-06-23. Diakses tanggal 2012-05-07.
- ^ "Cambodia is under Chinese cultural influence: Hun Xen's confession « THE SON OF THE KHMER EMPIRE កម្ពុជាត្រូវការមេដឹកនាំថ្មីតែមិនមែនក្រុមក្បត់ជាតិនេះទេ!". Sokheounpang.wordpress.com. Diakses tanggal 2012-05-07.
- ^ 马敏/Ma Min (2009-04-01), "新疆《哈萨克斯坦华侨报》通过哈方注册 4月底创刊/Xinjiang 'Kazakhstan Overseas Chinese Newspaper' Passes Kazakhstan Registration; To Begin Publishing at Month's end", Xinhua News, diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-07-20, diakses tanggal 2009-04-17
- ^ Chinese expats in Dubai - TimeOut Dubai
- ^ "Brunei". The World Factbook. Langley, VA: Central Intelligence Agency. 2006. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2007-06-12. Diakses tanggal 2006-09-17. The total population of Brunei is estimated at 380,000, of whom 11.2% are of Chinese descent.
- ^ "Appeal to international organisations - Stop the China-Israel migrant worker scam!" (Siaran pers). Kav La'Oved. 2001-12-21. Diakses tanggal 2006-09-03.
- ^ Joseph Puder (Sep 5, 2012). "The Growing Chinese-Israeli Relationship". Front Page Mag. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-04-29. Diakses tanggal September 19, 2012.
- ^ "Chinese in N.Korea 'Face Repression'". Chosun Ilbo. 2009-10-10. Diakses tanggal 2009-10-15.
- ^ Fazl-e-Haider, Syed (2009-09-11). "Chinese shun Pakistan exodus". Asia Times. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2009-09-13. Diakses tanggal 2009-09-11.
- ^ "Chinese population statistics - Countries compared". NationMaster. Diakses tanggal 2012-05-07.
- ^ Population and Housing Census 2009. Book 2. Part 1. (in tables). Population of Kyrgyzstan. (Перепись населения и жилищного фонда Кыргызской Республики 2009. Книга 2. Часть 1. (в таблицах). Население Кыргызстана) (PDF), Bishkek: National Committee on Statistics, 2010, diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2011-08-18, diakses tanggal 2014-07-05
- ^ Zayonchkovskaya 2004
- ^ Larin 2008
- ^ ""Chinois de France" ne veut rien dire | Slate". Slate.fr. 2010-06-28. Diakses tanggal 2012-05-07.
- ^ ""Population of the UK, by ethnic group, 2001" (Note that in UK usage Asian in this context refer to South Asia)". Diakses tanggal 23 June 2006.
- ^ Statistiche demografiche ISTAT[pranala nonaktif permanen].
- ^ CBS 2012
- ^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag
<ref>
tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernamade-cn1
- ^ http://www.fulbright.hu/book4/lindahuang-mccullough.pdf
- ^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag
<ref>
tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernamaeu-china1
- ^ Statistiska centralbyrån
- ^ Statistics Yearbook of Ireland 2012
- ^ Statistics Denmark 2009
- ^ Кръстева, Анна (2005). "Китайците". Имиграцията в България (PDF). София: IMIR. hlm. 80–104. ISBN 954-8872-56-0. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2009-03-25. Diakses tanggal 2014-07-05.
- ^ "Foreign population with legal status of residence (No.) by Place of residence (NUTS-2002) and Nationality". Population. Instituto Nacional de Estatística. 2007. Diakses tanggal 2009-03-18.
- ^ Tilastokeskus [2] Diarsipkan 2012-05-23 di Archive.is.
- ^ Czech Statistical Office 2007
- ^ Vasiliu, Adrian O.; Vasileanu, Marius; Duţă, Mihai; Covaci, Talida (2005-08-01). "Chinezii din Romania - polul est-european al civilizatiei asiatice/Chinese in Romania - Eastern European pole of Asian civilisation". Adevărul. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2008-10-24. Diakses tanggal 2009-04-07.
- ^ "Попис становништва, домаћинстава и станова 2011. у Републици Србији: Становништво према националној припадности - „Oстали" етничке заједнице са мање од 2000 припадника и двојако изјашњени" (PDF). Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2016-04-17. Diakses tanggal 2014-07-05.
- ^ " Ethnic Origin (247), Single and Multiple Ethnic Origin Responses (3) and Sex (3) for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data," [3] Diarsipkan 2018-12-25 di Wayback Machine.
- ^ http://convergencia.uaemex.mx/rev38/38pdf/LIZCANO.pdf Diarsipkan 2014-02-24 di Wayback Machine. P. 201
- ^ President Chen's State Visit to Panama, Government Information Office, Republic of China, October 2003, diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2008-12-04, diakses tanggal 2007-11-07
- ^ Hua, Vanessa (2002-06-23), "Playing the Panama card - The China-Taiwan connection", The San Francisco Chronicle, diakses tanggal 2007-11-07
- ^ Clarín: As of 2010, Chinese community becomes the fourth largest group of immigrants in Argentina (Spanyol)
- ^ CIA World Factbook. Cuba. 2008. May 15, 2008. <https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cu.html Diarsipkan 2016-02-10 di Wayback Machine.>.
- ^ Joshua Project - Han Chinese, Hakka of Jamaica Ethnic People Profile
- ^ Rodriguez, Olga R. (November 24, 2012). "Chinese-Mexicans Celebrate Return To Mexico". The Huffington Post.
- ^ By Rachel Will Date Published: 10/21/2011 [4] Diarsipkan 2017-09-20 di Wayback Machine.
- ^ Romero, Simon (2011-04-10). "China Aids Suriname, Expanding South American Role". The New York Times.
- ^ "dr1.com - The Chinese Community and Santo Domingo's Barrio Chino - Page 1". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2017-08-07. Diakses tanggal 2014-07-05.
- ^ "Nicaragua: People groups". Joshua Project. Diakses tanggal 2007-03-26.
- ^ History of the Chinese in Guyana
- ^ "Redatam::CEPAL/CELADE - R+SP WebServer". Celade.cepal.org. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2017-07-12. Diakses tanggal 2012-05-07.
- ^ http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/2071.0main+features902012-2013.
- ^ [5], 2013 Census, Statistics New Zealand. Accessed 2014-5-31.
- ^ Fiji Diarsipkan 2019-01-07 di Wayback Machine., CIA World Factbook, retrieved March 23rd, 2012
- ^ Nelson 2007, hlm. 8
- ^ Chin 2008, hlm. 118
- ^ "Tonga announces the expulsion of hundreds of Chinese immigrants", John Braddock, wsws.org, December 18, 2001
- ^ Paul Raffaele and Mathew Dearnaley (November 22, 2001). "Tonga to expel race-hate victims". The New Zealand Herald. Diakses tanggal November 1, 2011.
- ^ Palau Diarsipkan 2019-01-06 di Wayback Machine., CIA World Factbook, rertieved March 23rd, 2012