Traktat Pelarangan Sebagian Uji Coba Nuklir
(Dialihkan dari Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty)
Traktat Pelarangan Sebagian Uji Coba Nuklir, atau nama lengkapnya Traktat Pelarangan Uji Coba Senjata Nuklir di Atmosfir, Ruang Angkasa dan Bawah Air[1] adalah sebuah perjanjian pada tahun 1963 yang melarang uji coba senjata nuklir kecuali yang dilakukan di bawah tanah. Perjanjian ini kemudian diganti oleh Traktat Pelarangan Menyeluruh Uji Coba Nuklir pada 1996. Dalam perumusan perjanjian ini, awalnya diupayakan pelarangan menyeluruh, tetapi tujuan ini dikesampingkan akibat sulitnya mendeteksi uji coba baawah tanah dan kekhawatiran Uni Soviet bahwa pelarangan menyeluruh akan mengharuskan proses verifikasi yang tidak dapat diterima.
Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ TRAKTAT PELARANGAN MENYELURUH UJI – COBA NUKLIR Diarsipkan 2019-05-11 di Wayback Machine., Undang Undang 2012 No. 1
- Ambrose, Stephen E. (1991). Eisenhower: Soldier and President. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-671-74758-9.
- Burns, Richard Dean; Siracusa, Joseph M. (2013). A Global History of the Nuclear Arms Race: Weapons, Strategy, and Politics – Volume 1. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-4408-0095-5.
- Evangelista, Matthew (1999). Unarmed Forces: The Transnational Movement to End the Cold War. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-8784-2.
- Gaddis, John Lewis (1982). Strategies of Containment: A Critical Appraisal of American National Security Policy during the Cold War. Oxford and New York, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-503097-6.
- Gilpin, Robert (1962). American Scientists and Nuclear Weapons Policy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1-4008-7546-7.
- Greene, Benjamin (2006). Eisenhower, Science Advice, and the Nuclear Test-Ban Debate, 1945–1963. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-5445-3.
- Jacobson, Harold Karan; Stein, Eric (1966). "Diplomats, Scientists, and Politicians: The United States and the Nuclear Test Ban Negotiations". Michigan Legal Studies Series.
- Pietrobon, Allen. (2016)"The Role of Norman Cousins and Track II Diplomacy in the Breakthrough to the 1963 Limited Test Ban Treaty." Journal of Cold War Studies 18.1 (2016): 60-79.
- Polsby, Nelson W. (1984). Political Innovation in America: The Politics of Policy Initiation. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-03428-8.
- Reeves, Richard (1993). President Kennedy: Profile of Power. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-671-89289-0.
- Rhodes, Richard (2005). Dark Sun: The Making of the Hydrogen Bomb. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-684-82414-7.
- Rhodes, Richard (2008). Arsenals of Folly: The Making of the Nuclear Arms Race. New York, NY: Vintage. ISBN 978-0-375-71394-1.
- Risse-Kappen, Thomas (1995). Cooperation Among Democracies: The European Influence on U.S. Foreign Policy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-01711-2.
- Sachs, Jeffrey D. (2013) "JFK and the future of global leadership." International Affairs 89.6 (2013): 1379-1387. online, focuses on American University speech.
- Seaborg, Glenn T. (1981). Kennedy, Khrushchev, and the Test Ban. Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-04961-1.
- Schlesinger, Arthur Meier Jr. (2002). A Thousand Days: John F. Kennedy in the White House. New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 978-0-618-21927-8.
- Strode, Rebecca (1990). "Soviet Policy Toward a Nuclear Test Ban: 1958–1963". Dalam Mandelbaum, Michael. The Other Side of the Table: The Soviet Approach to Arms Control. New York and London: Council on Foreign Relations Press. ISBN 978-0-87609-071-8.
- Taubman, William (2003). Khrushchev: The Man and His Era. New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Co. ISBN 978-0-393-32484-6.
- Terchek, Ronald J. (1970). The Making of the Test Ban Treaty. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff. ISBN 978-94-011-8689-6.
Referesni
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