Lompat ke isi

Seni rupa Reich Ketiga

Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas
Seni Jerman Nazi
Patung-patung telanjang dari tubuh-tubuh perempuan dan laki-laki ideal, dipasang di jalan-jalan Berlin pada saat Olimpiade Musim Panas 1936. Berlin memenangkan tawaran tersebut pada April 1931, dua tahun sebelum NSDAP berkuasa. Ini adalah pertama kalinya Komite Olimpiade Internasional mengumpulkan jajak pendapat untuk sebuah tawaran kota yang diajukan sebagai tuan rumah.
Die Partei, patung Arno Breker mewakili jiwa Partai Nazi

Seni Reich Ketiga adalah seni yang disetujui pemerintah yang dihasilkan di Jerman Nazi antara 1933 dan 1945. Setelah menjadi diktator pada 1933, Adolf Hitler memakai artistik pribadinya untuk memberlakukan hukum pada tingkat yang jarang diketahui sebelumnya.

Dalam kasus Jerman, modelnya adalah seni rupa Yunani klasik dan Romawi, yang dipandang oleh Hitler sebagai seni rupa yang bentuk luarnya mewakili gagasan rasial dalam.[1]

  1. ^ Grosshans 1983, p. 87

Referensi

[sunting | sunting sumber]
  • Adam, Peter (1992). Art of the Third Reich. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc.. ISBN 0-8109-1912-5
  • Baez, Fernando. (2004). A Universal History of the Destruction of Books: From Ancient Sumer to Modern Iraq. New York: Atlas & Co.
  • Barron, Stephanie, ed. (1991). 'Degenerate Art:' The Fate of the Avant-Garde in Nazi Germany. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. ISBN 0-8109-3653-4
  • Barbian, Jan-Pieter. (2010). The Politics of Literature in Nazi Germany: Books in the Media Dictatorship. New York: Bloomsbury Academic.
  • Clinefelter, Joan L., (2005), Artists for the Reich: Culture and Race from Weimar to Nazi Germany, Oxford: Berg Publishers
  • Davidson, Mortimer G. (1991). Art in Germany 1933–1945: Painting
  • Davidson, Mortimer G. (1992). Art in Germany 1933–1945: Sculpture
  • Davidson, Mortimer G. (1995). Art in Germany 1933–1945: Architecture
  • Dennis, David D. (2002) "Honor your german masters: The use and abuse of "classical" composers in nazi propaganda". Loyola University Chicago: Journal of Political and Military Sociology 273-295
  • Eyerman, Ron and Andrew Jamison (1998). Music and Social Movements: Mobilizing Traditions of the Twentieth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Fischer, Klaus P. (1997). Nazi Germany: A New History. New York: The Continuum Publishing Company.
  • Gay, Peter. (1968). Weimar Culture: the Outsider as Insider. New York: Harper and Row Publishers.
  • Grosshans, Henry (1983). Hitler and the Artists. New York: Holmes & Meyer. hlm. 86. ISBN 0-8419-0746-3. 
  • Grunberger, Richard (1971) The 12 Year Reich: A Social History of Nazi Germany 1933–1945. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston of Canada Ltd.
  • Hansen, J. (2009). The Art and Sciences of Reading Faces: Strategies of Racist Cinema. An Interdisciplinary Journal of Jewish Studies Vol. 28, Issue 1 (2009):80-103.
  • Hollis, R. (2001). Graphic design: a concise history. World of art. New York: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 0-500-20347-4
  • Hull, David Stewart. (1969) Film in the Third Reich. Los Angeles: University of California Press.
  • Karolides, Bald and Sova. (2011). Banned Books: Censorship Histories of World Literature. New York: Checkmark Books.
  • Kater, Michael (1999). The Twisted Muse: Musicians and Their Music in the Third Reich. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Kater, Michael (2000). Composers of the Nazi Era: Eight Portraits. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Kater, Michael and Albrecht Reithmuller, ed. (1992). Music and Nazism; Art under Tyranny. Berlin: Freie Universität Berlin. ISBN 3-89007-516-9
  • Kraus, Carl; Obermair, Hannes (2019). Mythen der Diktaturen. Kunst in Faschismus und Nationalsozialismus – Miti delle dittature. Arte nel fascismo e nazionalsocialismo. Landesmuseum für Kultur- und Landesgeschichte Schloss Tirol. ISBN 978-88-95523-16-3. 
  • Laqueur, Walter (1996). Fascism: Past, Present, Future. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-509245-7
  • Levi, Erik (1994). Music in the Third Reich. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 0-312-10381-6.
  • Meyer, Michael (1975). The nazi musicologist as myth maker in the third reich. Journal of Contemporary History. 10(4), p. 649-665
  • Michaud, Eric (2004). The Cult of Art in Nazi Germany, translated by Janet Lloyd. Stanford: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-4327-4.
  • Modern History Sourcebook: The 25 points 1920: An Early Nazi Program, (Document No. 1708-PS of the Nuremberg Trials). Fordham University: The Jesuit University of New York. Accessed August 14, 2017.
  • Mosse, George L. (1966). Nazi Culture: Intellectual, Cultural and Social Life in the Third Reich. New York: Grosset and Dunlap.
  • Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume IV Document No. 2030-PS. Yale Law School. Accessed 11, Feb. 2014. www.avalon.law.yale.edu
  • Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression Volume IV Document No. 2078-PS. Yale Law School. Accessed 11 Feb. 2014. www.avalon.law.yale.edu
  • Nordau, Max (1998). Degeneration, introduction by George L. Mosse. New York: Howard Fertig. ISBN 0-8032-8367-9
  • Nicholas, Lynn H. (1995). The Rape of Europa: The Fate of Europe's Treasures in the Third Reich and the Second World War. New York: Vintage Books Print.
  • Pauley, Bruce F. (1997). Hitler, Stalin, and Mussolini: Totalitarianism in the Twentieth Century. Illinois: Harlan Davidson, Inc.
  • Potter, Pamela (1992). "Strauss and the National Socialists: The Debate and Its Relevance". in Richard Strauss: New Perspectives on the Composer and His Work (Sources of Music & Their Interpretation). ed. Bryan Gilliam. Durham: Duke University Press.
  • Scheck, Raffael. (2008). Germany, 1871–1945: A Concise History Oxford, UK: Oxford International Publishers Ltd
  • Sivers, Desnoyers and Stow. (2012). Patterns of World History: Since 1750. New York:Oxford University Press.
  • Steinweis, Alan E. (1993). Art, Ideology, and Economics in Nazi Germany: The Reich Chambers of Music, Theater, and the Visual Arts. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-4607-4
  • Thoms, Robert: The Artists in the Great German Art Exhibition Munich 1937–1944, Volume I – painting and printing. Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-937294-01-8.
  • Thoms, Robert: The Artists in the Great German Art Exhibition Munich 1937–1944, Volume II – Sculpturing. Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-937294-02-5.

Pranala luar

[sunting | sunting sumber]