Templat:Physconst
Templat ini memudahkan penulisan nilai konstanta fisika yang direkomendasikan oleh CODATA dalam artikel-artikel. Templat ini memberikan nilai terbaru yang telah dipublikasikan, dan akan diperbarui ketika data baru telah tersedia, yang biasanya dipublikasikan setiap empat tahun.
Nilai di sini telah diperbarui ke nilai CODATA 2022. Templat ini telah memasukkan redefinisi satuan pokok SI 2019, yang membuat beberapa nilai angka konstanta yang dipakai dalam definisi baru akan menjadi pasti (seperti e) sedangkan konstanta-konstanta yang digunakan pada definisi lama akan mempunyai ketidakpastian (misalnya μ0).
Penggunaan
[sunting sumber]Argumen
[sunting sumber]symbol
- Jika dimasukkan nilai
yes
, nilai ini diawali dengan simbol konstanta, diikuti oleh ≈ atau = tergantung apakahround
di-set atau tidak. round
- Jika dihilangkan, nilai ini ditayangkan bersama ketidakpastian standar. Jika di-set ke bilangan bulat n, nilanya dibulatkan ke n digit pertama setelah koma desimal. Jika di-set menjadi
auto
, nilainya dibulatkan sehingga ketidakpastian standar tidak lebih dari 1,5 unit dalam tempat terakhir. unit
- Jika diisi
no
, satuan pengukuran tidak ditayangkan. ref
- Jika diisi
no
, tidak diberikan referensi. Jika diisionly
, hanya referensi yang ditayangkan. after
- Teks (misalnya tanda baca) ditayangkan setelah konstanta, sebelum referensi.
runc
- Jika diisi
yes
, templat ini akan memberikan hanya ketidakpastian standar relatif dari nilai tersebut dan referensinya.
Konstanta yang tersedia
[sunting sumber]Kode | Konstanta | Nilai | Ketidakpastian standar relatif |
---|---|---|---|
c
|
laju cahaya | c = 299.792.458 m⋅s−1 | ur(c) = 0[1] |
e
|
muatan listrik partikel | e = 1,602176634×10−19 C | ur(e) = 0[2] |
eV
|
electronvolt | eV = 1,602176634×10−19 J | ur(eV) = 0[3] |
F
|
konstanta Faraday | F = 9,648533212...×104 C⋅mol−1 | ur(F) = 0[4] |
G
|
tetapan gravitasi Newton | G = 6,67430(15)×10−11 m3⋅kg−1⋅s−2 | ur(G) = 2,2×10−5[5] |
G0
|
konduktivitas kuantum | G0 = 7,748091729...×10−5 S | ur(G0) = 0[6] |
G0inv
|
invers konduktivitas kuantum | G0−1 = 12.906,40372... Ω | ur(G0−1) = 0[7] |
GF/hbarc3
|
konstanta Fermi | GF/(ħc)3 = 1,1663787(6)×10−5 GeV−2 | ur(GF/(ħc)3) = 5,1×10−7[8] |
h
|
konstanta Planck | h = 6,62607015×10−34 J⋅Hz−1 | ur(h) = 0[9] |
h_eV/Hz
|
konstanta Planck dengan satuan eV/Hz | h = 4,135667696...×10−15 eV⋅Hz−1 | ur(h) = 0[10] |
hbar
|
konstanta Planck yang dikurangi | ħ = 1,054571817...×10−34 J⋅s | ur(ħ) = 0[11] |
hbar_eVs
|
konstanta Planck yang dikurangi dengan satuan eV⋅s | ħ = 6,582119569...×10−16 eV⋅s | ur(ħ) = 0[12] |
k
|
konstanta Boltzmann | k = 1,380649×10−23 J⋅K−1 | ur(k) = 0[13] |
KJ
|
konstanta Josephson | KJ = 483.597,8484...×109 Hz⋅V−1 | ur(KJ) = 0[14] |
NA
|
bilangan Avogadro | NA = 6,02214076×1023 mol−1 | ur(NA) = 0[15] |
NAh
|
konstanta Planck molar | NAh = 3,990312712...×10−10 J⋅Hz−1⋅mol−1 | ur(NAh) = 0[16] |
RK
|
konstanta von Klitzing | RK = 25.812,80745... Ω | ur(RK) = 0[17] |
Z0
|
impedansi karakteristik pada ruang hampa | Z0 = 376,730313412(59) Ω | ur(Z0) = 1,6×10−10[18] |
alpha
|
konstanta struktur halus | α = 0,0072973525643(11) | ur(α) = 1,6×10−10[19] |
alphainv
|
invers konstanta struktur halus | α−1 = 137,035999177(21) | ur(α−1) = 1,6×10−10[20] |
eps0
|
Permisivitas vakum | ε0 = 8,8541878188(14)×10−12 F⋅m−1 | ur(ε0) = 1,6×10−10[21] |
sin2thW
|
sinus kuadrat dari sudut campuran lemah | sin2θW = 0,22305(23) | ur(sin2θW) = 1,0×10−3[22] |
mu0
|
permeabilitas vakum | μ0 = 1,25663706127(20)×10−6 N⋅A−2 | ur(μ0) = 1,6×10−10[23] |
Phi0
|
fluks magnetik kuantum | Φ0 = 2,067833848...×10−15 Wb | ur(Φ0) = 0[24] |
Radiasi termal | |||
bwien
|
konstanta panjang gelombang pada hukum perpindahan Wien | b = 2,897771955...×10−3 m⋅K | ur(b) = 0[25] |
bwien'
|
konstanta frekuensi pada hukum perpindahan Wien | b′ = 5,878925757...×1010 Hz⋅K−1 | ur(b′) = 0[26] |
c1
|
konstanta radiasi pertama | c1 = 3,741771852...×10−16 W⋅m2 | ur(c1) = 0[27] |
c1L
|
konstanta radiasi pertama untuk radiasi spektral | c1L = 1,191042972...×10−16 W⋅m2⋅sr−1 | ur(c1L) = 0[28] |
c2
|
konstanta radiasi kedua | c2 = 1,438776877...×10−2 m⋅K | ur(c2) = 0[29] |
sigma
|
konstant Stefan–Boltzmann | σ = 5,670374419...×10−8 W⋅m−2⋅K−4 | ur(σ) = 0[30] |
Nilai yang berhubungan dengan partikel | |||
asil
|
parameter kisi dari silikon | a = 5,431020511(89)×10−10 m | ur(a) = 1,6×10−8[31] |
a0
|
Jari-jari Bohr | a0 = 5,29177210544(82)×10−11 m | ur(a0) = 1,6×10−10[32] |
ae
|
anomali momen magnetik elektron | ae = 0,00115965218046(18) | ur(ae) = 1,6×10−10[33] |
Ar(d)
|
massa atom relatif dari deuterium | Ar(d) = 2,013553212544(15) | ur(Ar(d)) = 7,4×10−12[34] |
Ar(e)
|
massa atom relatif dari elektron | Ar(e) = 5,485799090441(97)×10−4 | ur(Ar(e)) = 1,8×10−11[35] |
Ar(h)
|
massa atom relatif dari helion | Ar(h) = 3,014932246932(74) | ur(Ar(h)) = 2,5×10−11[36] |
Ar(n)
|
massa atom relatif dari neutron | Ar(n) = 1,00866491606(40) | ur(Ar(n)) = 4,0×10−10[37] |
Ar(p)
|
massa atom relatif dari proton | Ar(p) = 1,0072764665789(83) | ur(Ar(p)) = 8,3×10−12[38] |
Ar(t)
|
massa atom relatif dari triton | Ar(t) = 3,01550071597(10) | ur(Ar(t)) = 3,4×10−11[39] |
Ar(alpha)
|
massa atom relatif dari partikel alfa | Ar(α) = 4,001506179129(62) | ur(Ar(α)) = 1,6×10−11[40] |
-e/me
|
rasio massa-muatan elektron | −e/me = −1,75882000838(55)×1011 C⋅kg−1 | ur(−e/me) = 3,1×10−10[41] |
Eh
|
energi Hartree | Eh = 4,3597447222060(48)×10−18 J | ur(Eh) = 1,1×10−12[42] |
Eh_eV
|
energi Hartree pada satuan eV | Eh = 27,211386245981(30) eV | ur(Eh) = 1,1×10−12[43] |
ge
|
faktor-g elektron | ge− = −2,00231930436092(36) | ur(ge−) = 1,8×10−13[44] |
gn
|
faktor-g neutron | gn = −3,82608552(90) | ur(gn) = 2,4×10−7[45] |
gp
|
faktor-g proton | gp = 5,5856946893(16) | ur(gp) = 2,9×10−10[46] |
gmu
|
faktor-g muon | gμ− = −2,00233184123(82) | ur(gμ−) = 4,1×10−10[47] |
h/2me
|
sirkulasi kuantum | πħ/me = 3,6369475467(11)×10−4 m2⋅s−1 | ur(πħ/me) = 3,1×10−10[48] |
md
|
massa deuterium | md = 3,3435837768(10)×10−27 kg | ur(md) = 3,1×10−10[49] |
md_Da
|
massa deuterium dalam dalton | md = 2,013553212544(15) Da | ur(md) = 7,4×10−12[50] |
me
|
massa electron | me = 9,1093837139(28)×10−31 kg | ur(me) = 3,1×10−10[51] |
me_Da
|
massa electron dalam dalton | me = 5,485799090441(97)×10−4 Da | ur(me) = 1,8×10−11[52] |
me/mp
|
rasio massa elektron-proton | me/mp = 0,0005446170214889(94) | ur(me/mp) = 1,7×10−11[53] |
me/mmu
|
rasio massa elektron-muon | me/mμ = 0,00483633170(11) | ur(me/mμ) = 2,2×10−8[54] |
mec2
|
massa energi setara elektron | mec2 = 8,1871057880(26)×10−14 J | ur(mec2) = 3,1×10−10[55] |
mec2_MeV
|
massa energi setara elektron dalam MeV | mec2 = 0,51099895069(16) MeV | ur(mec2) = 3,1×10−10[56] |
mh
|
massa helion | mh = 5,0064127862(16)×10−27 kg | ur(mh) = 3,1×10−10[57] |
mh_Da
|
massa helion mass dalam dalton | mh = 3,014932246932(74) Da | ur(mh) = 2,5×10−11[58] |
mn
|
massa neutron | mn = 1,67492750056(85)×10−27 kg | ur(mn) = 5,1×10−10[59] |
mn_Da
|
massa neutron dalam dalton | mn = 1,00866491606(40) Da | ur(mn) = 4,0×10−10[60] |
mnc2
|
massa energi setara neutron | mnc2 = 1,50534976514(76)×10−10 J | ur(mnc2) = 5,1×10−10[61] |
mnc2_MeV
|
massa energi setara neutron dalam MeV | mnc2 = 939,56542194(48) MeV | ur(mnc2) = 5,1×10−10[62] |
mp
|
massa proton | mp = 1,67262192595(52)×10−27 kg | ur(mp) = 3,1×10−10[63] |
mp_Da
|
massa proton dalam dalton | mp = 1,0072764665789(83) Da | ur(mp) = 8,3×10−12[64] |
mp/me
|
rasio massa proton-elektron | mp/me = 1.836,152673426(32) | ur(mp/me) = 1,7×10−11[65] |
mpc2
|
massa energi setara proton | mpc2 = 1,50327761802(47)×10−10 J | ur(mpc2) = 3,1×10−10[66] |
mpc2_MeV
|
massa energi setara proton dalam MeV | mpc2 = 938,27208943(29) MeV | ur(mpc2) = 3,1×10−10[67] |
mu
|
konstanta massa atom | mu = 1,66053906892(52)×10−27 kg | ur(mu) = 3,1×10−10[68] |
muc2
|
konstanta massa atom setara energi | muc2 = 1,49241808768(46)×10−10 J | ur(muc2) = 3,1×10−10[69] |
muc2_MeV
|
konstanta massa atom setara energi dalam MeV | muc2 = 931,49410372(29) MeV | ur(muc2) = 3,1×10−10[70] |
mW/mZ
|
rasio massa W-Z | mW/mZ = 0,88145(13) | ur(mW/mZ) = 1,5×10−4[71] |
malpha
|
massa partikel alfa | mα = 6,6446573450(21)×10−27 kg | ur(mα) = 3,1×10−10[72] |
malpha_Da
|
massa partikel alfa dalam dalton | mα = 4,001506179129(62) Da | ur(mα) = 1,6×10−11[73] |
malphac2_GeV
|
energi setara massa partikel alfa dalam GeV | mαc2 = 3,7273794118(11) GeV | ur(mαc2) = 3,0×10−10[74] |
mmu
|
massa muon | mμ = 1,883531627(42)×10−28 kg | ur(mμ) = 2,2×10−8[75] |
mmu_Da
|
massa muon dalam dalton | mμ = 0,1134289257(22) Da | ur(mμ) = 2,2×10−8[76] |
mmu/me
|
muon-to-electron mass ratio | mμ/me = 206,7682827(46) | ur(mμ/me) = 2,2×10−8[77] |
mmuc2
|
massa muon setara energi | mμc2 = 1,692833804(38)×10−11 J | ur(mμc2) = 2,2×10−8[78] |
mmuc2_MeV
|
massa muon setara energi dalam MeV | mμc2 = 105,6583755(23) MeV | ur(mμc2) = 2,2×10−8[79] |
mtau
|
massa tau | mτ = 3,16754(21)×10−27 kg | ur(mτ) = 6,8×10−5[80] |
mtau_Da
|
massa tau dalam dalton | mτ = 1,90754(13) Da | ur(mτ) = 6,8×10−5[81] |
mtau/me
|
rasio massa tau-elektron | mτ/me = 3.477,23(23) | ur(mτ/me) = 6,8×10−5[82] |
mtau/mmu
|
rasio massa tau-muon | mτ/mμ = 16,8170(11) | ur(mτ/mμ) = 6,8×10−5[83] |
mtauc2
|
energi setara massa tau | mτc2 = 2,84684(19)×10−10 J | ur(mτc2) = 6,8×10−5[84] |
mtauc2_MeV
|
energi setara massa tau dalam MeV | mτc2 = 1.776,86(12) MeV | ur(mτc2) = 6,8×10−5[85] |
MC12
|
massa molar dari karbon-12 | M(12C) = 12,0000000126(37)×10−3 kg⋅mol−1 | ur(M(12C)) = 3,1×10−10[86] |
Mu
|
konstanta massa molar | Mu = 1,00000000105(31)×10−3 kg⋅mol−1 | ur(Mu) = 3,1×10−10[87] |
rd
|
jari-jari muatan deuterium | rd = 2,12778(27)×10−15 m | ur(rd) = 1,3×10−4[88] |
re
|
Jari-jari elektron klasik | re = 2,8179403205(13)×10−15 m | ur(re) = 4,7×10−10[89] |
rp
|
jari-jari muatan proton | rp = 8,4075(64)×10−16 m | ur(rp) = 7,4×10−4[90] |
R
|
tetapan gas | R = 8,314462618... J⋅mol−1⋅K−1 | ur(R) = 0[91] |
Rinf
|
Konstanta Rydberg | R∞ = 10.973.731,568157(12) m−1 | ur(R∞) = 1,1×10−12[92] |
Rinfc
|
Frekuensi Rydberg | R∞c = 3,2898419602500(36)×1015 Hz | ur(R∞c) = 1,1×10−12[93] |
Rinfhc
|
satuan energi Rydberg | R∞hc = 2,1798723611030(24)×10−18 J | ur(R∞hc) = 1,1×10−12[94] |
Rinfhc_eV
|
satuan energi Rydberg dalam eV | R∞hc = 13,605693122990(15) eV | ur(R∞hc) = 1,1×10−12[95] |
VmSi
|
volume molar dari silikon | Vm(Si) = 1,205883199(60)×10−5 m3⋅mol−1 | ur(Vm(Si)) = 4,9×10−8[96] |
gammae
|
rasio giromagnetik elektron | γe = −1,76085962784(55)×1011 s−1⋅T−1 | ur(γe) = 3,1×10−10[97] |
gammabare
|
rasio presesi Larmor elektron terhadap densitas fluks magnetik | γe/2π = −28.024,9513861(87) MHz⋅T−1 | ur(γe/2π) = 3,1×10−10[98] |
gamman
|
rasio giromagnetik neutron | γn = −1,83247174(43)×108 s−1⋅T−1 | ur(γn) = 2,4×10−7[99] |
gammabarn
|
rasio presesi Larmor neutron terhadap densitas fluks magnetik | γn/2π = −29,1646935(69) MHz⋅T−1 | ur(γn/2π) = 2,4×10−7[100] |
gammap
|
rasio giromagnetik proton | γp = 2,6752218708(11)×108 s−1⋅T−1 | ur(γp) = 4,3×10−10[101] |
gammabarp
|
rasio presesi Larmor proton terhadap densitas fluks magnetik | γp/2π = 42,577478461(18) MHz⋅T−1 | ur(γp/2π) = 4,3×10−10[102] |
DnuCs
|
frekuensi transisi struktur hiperhalus dari caesium-133 | Δν(133Cs)hfs = 9.192.631.770 Hz | ur(Δν(133Cs)hfs) = 0[103] |
muB
|
magneton Bohr | μB = 9,2740100657(29)×10−24 J⋅T−1 | ur(μB) = 3,1×10−10[104] |
mue
|
momen magnetik elektron | μe = −9,2847646917(29)×10−24 J⋅T−1 | ur(μe) = 3,1×10−10[105] |
mue/muB
|
rasio momen magnetik elektron terhadap magneton Bohr | μe/μB = −1,00115965218046(18) | ur(μe/μB) = 1,8×10−13[106] |
mun
|
momen magnetik neutron | μn = −9,6623653(23)×10−27 J⋅T−1 | ur(μn) = 2,4×10−7[107] |
mun/muN
|
rasio momen magnetik neutron terhadap magneton nuklir | μn/μN = −1,91304276(45) | ur(μn/μN) = 2,4×10−7[108] |
muN
|
magneton nuklir | μN = 5,0507837393(16)×10−27 J⋅T−1 | ur(μN) = 3,1×10−10[109] |
mup
|
momen magnetik proton | μp = 1,41060679545(60)×10−26 J⋅T−1 | ur(μp) = 4,3×10−10[110] |
mup/muB
|
rasio momen magnetik proton terhadap magneton Bohr | μp/μB = 0,00152103220230(45) | ur(μp/μB) = 3,0×10−10[111] |
mup/muN
|
rasio momen magnetik proton terhadap magneton nuklir | μp/μN = 2,79284734463(82) | ur(μp/μN) = 2,9×10−10[112] |
mumu
|
momen magnetik muon | μμ = −4,49044830(18)×10−26 J⋅T−1 | ur(μμ) = 2,2×10−8[113] |
sigmae
|
penampang melintang Thomson untuk elektron | σe = 6,6524587051(62)×10−29 m2 | ur(σe) = 9,3×10−10[114] |
Satuan elektrikal konvensional | |||
KJ90
|
nilai konvensional dari konstanta Josephson | KJ-90 = 483.597,9×109 Hz⋅V−1 | ur(KJ-90) = 0[115] |
RK90
|
nilai konvensional dari konstant von Klitzing | RK-90 = 25.812,807 Ω | ur(RK-90) = 0[116] |
A90
|
ampere konvensional | A90 = 1,00000008887... A | ur(A90) = 0[117] |
C90
|
coulomb konvensional | C90 = 1,00000008887... C | ur(C90) = 0[118] |
F90
|
farad konvensional | F90 = 0,99999998220... F | ur(F90) = 0[119] |
H90
|
henry konvensional | H90 = 1,00000001779... H | ur(H90) = 0[120] |
V90
|
volt konvensional | V90 = 1,00000010666... V | ur(V90) = 0[121] |
W90
|
watt konvensional | W90 = 1,00000019553... W | ur(W90) = 0[122] |
ohm90
|
ohm konvensional | Ω90 = 1,00000001779... Ω | ur(Ω90) = 0[123] |
Satuan atom | |||
aulen
|
satuan panjang atom | a0 = 5,29177210544(82)×10−11 m | ur(a0) = 1,6×10−10[124] |
autime
|
satuan waktu atom | ħ/Eh = 2,4188843265864(26)×10−17 s | ur(ħ/Eh) = 1,1×10−12[125] |
auvel
|
satuan kecepatan atom | a0Eh/ħ = 2,18769126216(34)×106 m⋅s−1 | ur(a0Eh/ħ) = 1,6×10−10[126] |
aumass
|
satuan massa atom | me = 9,1093837139(28)×10−31 kg | ur(me) = 3,1×10−10[127] |
aumom
|
satuan momentum atom | ħ/a0 = 1,99285191545(31)×10−24 kg⋅m⋅s−1 | ur(ħ/a0) = 1,6×10−10[128] |
auener
|
satuan energi atom | Eh = 4,3597447222060(48)×10−18 J | ur(Eh) = 1,1×10−12[129] |
auforce
|
satuan gaya atom | Eh/a0 = 8,2387235038(13)×10−8 N | ur(Eh/a0) = 1,6×10−10[130] |
auact
|
satuan aksi atom | ħ = 1,054571817...×10−34 J⋅s | ur(ħ) = 0[131] |
auec
|
satuan muatan listrik atom | e = 1,602176634×10−19 C | ur(e) = 0[132] |
auedm
|
satuan momen dwikutup atom | ea0 = 8,4783536198(13)×10−30 C⋅m | ur(ea0) = 1,6×10−10[133] |
aueqm
|
satuan momen caturkutub atom | ea02 = 4,4865515185(14)×10−40 C⋅m2 | ur(ea02) = 3,1×10−10[134] |
auecd
|
satuan densitas muatan listrik atom | e/a03 = 1,08120238677(51)×1012 C⋅m−3 | ur(e/a03) = 0[135] |
aucur
|
satuan arus listrik atom | eEh/ħ = 6,6236182375082(72)×10−3 A | ur(eEh/ħ) = 1,1×10−12[136] |
auepot
|
satuan potensial listrik atom | Eh/e = 27,211386245981(30) V | ur(Eh/e) = 1,1×10−12[137] |
auef
|
satuan medan listrik atom | Eh/ea0 = 5,14220675112(80)×1011 V⋅m−1 | ur(Eh/ea0) = 1,6×10−10[138] |
auefg
|
satuan gradien medan listrik atom | Eh/ea02 = 9,7173624424(30)×1021 V⋅m−2 | ur(Eh/ea02) = 3,1×10−10[139] |
auperm
|
satuan permitivitas atom | e2/a0Eh = 1,11265005620(17)×10−10 F⋅m−1 | ur(e2/a0Eh) = 1,6×10−10[140] |
auepol
|
satuan keterkutuban listrik atom | e2a02/Eh = 1,64877727212(51)×10−41 C2⋅m2⋅J−1 | ur(e2a02/Eh) = 3,1×10−10[141] |
au1hypol
|
satuan hiperketerkutuban pertama atom | e3a03/Eh2 = 3,2063612996(15)×10−53 C3⋅m3⋅J−2 | ur(e3a03/Eh2) = 4,7×10−10[142] |
au2hypol
|
satuan hiperketerkutuban kedua atom | e4a04/Eh3 = 6,2353799735(39)×10−65 C4⋅m4⋅J−3 | ur(e4a04/Eh3) = 6,2×10−10[143] |
aumfd
|
satuan densitas fluks magnetis atom | ħ/ea02 = 2,35051757077(73)×105 T | ur(ħ/ea02) = 3,1×10−10[144] |
aumdm
|
satuan momen dwikutub magnetis atom | ħe/me = 1,85480201315(58)×10−23 J⋅T−1 | ur(ħe/me) = 3,1×10−10[145] |
aumag
|
satuan kemampuan magnetis atom | e2a02/me = 7,8910365794(49)×10−29 J⋅T−2 | ur(e2a02/me) = 6,2×10−10[146] |
Satuan Planck | |||
lP
|
panjang Planck | lP = 1,616255(18)×10−35 m | ur(lP) = 1,1×10−5[147] |
tP
|
waktu Planck | tP = 5,391247(60)×10−44 s | ur(tP) = 1,1×10−5[148] |
mP
|
massa Planck | mP = 2,176434(24)×10−8 kg | ur(mP) = 1,1×10−5[149] |
TP
|
suhu Planck | TP = 1,416784(16)×1032 K | ur(TP) = 1,1×10−5[150] |
Nilai standar | |||
g0
|
akselerasi gravitasi standar | g0 = 9,80665 m⋅s−2 | ur(g0) = 0[151] |
atm
|
atmosfer standar | atm = 101.325 Pa | ur(atm) = 0[152] |
ssp
|
tekanan keadaan standar | ssp = 100.000 Pa | ur(ssp) = 0[153] |
Contoh
[sunting sumber]{{physconst|c|unit=no|after= [[meter per detik]].}}
- 299.792.458 meter per detik.[1]
{{physconst|mu0|symbol=yes}}
- μ0 = 1,25663706127(20)×10−6 N⋅A−2[23]
{{physconst|G|symbol=yes}}
- G = 6,67430(15)×10−11 m3⋅kg−1⋅s−2[5]
{{physconst|hbar|round=2|symbol=yes}}
- ħ ≈ 105×10−34 J⋅s[11]
Standar ketidakpastian relatif dari ''m''<sub>u</sub> adalah {{physconst|mu|runc=yes|after=.}}
- Standar ketidakpastian relatif dari mu adalah 3,1×10−10.[68]
Untuk massa elektron, {{physconst|me|runc=yes|symbol=yes|ref=no}}.
- Untuk massa elektron, ur(me) = 3,1×10−10.
NIST mempublikasikan nilai CODATA untuk untuk [[muatan listrik partikel]].{{physconst|e|ref=only}}
- NIST mempublikasikan nilai CODATA untuk untuk muatan listrik partikel.[2]
Muatan listrik partikel adalah {{physconst|e|unit=[[coulomb]]|after=.}}
Lihat juga
[sunting sumber]- /data, subtemplat yang menyimpan seluruh data.
- /disp, subtemplat untuk menyederhanakan tampilan pada dokumentasi.
Referensi
[sunting sumber]- ^ a b "2022 CODATA Value: speed of light in vacuum". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ a b c "2022 CODATA Value: elementary charge". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: electron volt". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: Faraday constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ a b "2022 CODATA Value: Newtonian constant of gravitation". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: conductance quantum". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: inverse of conductance quantum". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: Fermi coupling constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: Planck constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: Planck constant in eV/Hz". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ a b "2022 CODATA Value: reduced Planck constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: reduced Planck constant in eV s". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: Boltzmann constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: Josephson constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: Avogadro constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: molar Planck constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: von Klitzing constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: characteristic impedance of vacuum". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: fine-structure constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: inverse fine-structure constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: vacuum electric permittivity". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: weak mixing angle". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ a b "2022 CODATA Value: vacuum magnetic permeability". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: magnetic flux quantum". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: Wien wavelength displacement law constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: Wien frequency displacement law constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: first radiation constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: first radiation constant for spectral radiance". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: second radiation constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: Stefan–Boltzmann constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: lattice parameter of silicon". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: Bohr radius". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: electron magnetic moment anomaly". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: deuteron relative atomic mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: electron relative atomic mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: helion relative atomic mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: neuton relative atomic mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: proton relative atomic mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: triton relative atomic mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: alpha particle relative atomic mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: electron charge to mass quotient". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: Hartree energy". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: Hartree energy in eV". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: electron g factor". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: neutron g factor". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: proton g factor". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: muon g factor". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: quantum of circulation". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: deuteron mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: deuteron mass in u". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: electron mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: electron mass in u". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: electron-proton mass ratio". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: electron-muon mass ratio". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: electron mass energy equivalent". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: electron mass energy equivalent in MeV". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: helion mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: helion mass in u". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: neutron mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: neutron mass in u". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: neutron mass energy equivalent". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: neutron mass energy equivalent in MeV". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: proton mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: proton mass in u". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: proton-electron mass ratio". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: proton mass energy equivalent". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: proton mass energy equivalent in MeV". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ a b "2022 CODATA Value: atomic mass constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: atomic mass constant energy equivalent". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: atomic mass constant energy equivalent in MeV". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: W to Z mass ratio". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: alpha particle mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: alpha particle mass in u". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: alpha particle mass energy equivalent in MeV". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: muon mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: muon mass in u". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: muon-electron mass ratio". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: muon mass energy equivalent". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: muon mass energy equivalent in MeV". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: tau mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: tau mass in u". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: tau-electron mass ratio". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: tau-muon mass ratio". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: tau mass energy equivalent". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: tau energy equivalent". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: molar mass of carbon-12". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: molar mass constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: deuteron rms charge radius". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: classical electron radius". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: proton rms charge radius". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: molar gas constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: Rydberg constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: Rydberg constant times c in Hz". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: Rydberg constant times hc in J". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: Rydberg constant times hc in eV". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: molar volume of silicon". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: electron gyromagnetic ratio". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: electron gyromagnetic ratio in MHz/T". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: neutron gyromagnetic ratio". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: neutron gyromagnetic ratio in MHz/T". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: proton gyromagnetic ratio". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: proton gyromagnetic ratio in MHz/T". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: hyperfine transition frequency of Cs-133". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: Bohr magneton". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: electron magnetic moment". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: electron magnetic moment to Bohr magneton ratio". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: neutron magnetic moment". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: neutron magnetic moment to nuclear magneton ratio". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: nuclear magneton". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: proton magnetic moment". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: proton magnetic moment to Bohr magneton ratio". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: proton magnetic moment to nuclear magneton ratio". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: muon magnetic moment". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: Thomson cross section". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: conventional value of Josephson constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: conventional value of von Klitzing constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: conventional value of ampere-90". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: conventional value of coulomb-90". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: conventional value of farad-90". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: conventional value of henry-90". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: conventional value of volt-90". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: conventional value of watt-90". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: conventional value of ohm-90". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of length". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of time". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of velocity". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of momentum". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of energy". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of force". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of action". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of charge". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of electric dipole moment". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of electric quadrupole moment". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of charge density". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of current". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of electric potential". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of electric field". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of electric field gradient". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of permittivity". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of electric polarizability". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of 1st hyperpolarizability". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of 2nd hyperpolarizability". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of magnetic flux density". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of magnetic dipole moment". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of magnetizability". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: Planck length". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: Planck time". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: Planck mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: Planck temperature". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: standard acceleration of gravity". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: standard atmosphere". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.
- ^ "2022 CODATA Value: standard-state pressure". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. Mei 2024. Diakses tanggal 2024-05-18.