Astyanax (ikan)
| Astyanax | |
|---|---|
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| Astyanax mexicanus | |
Klasifikasi ilmiah 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kerajaan: | Animalia |
| Filum: | Chordata |
| Kelas: | Actinopterygii |
| Ordo: | Characiformes |
| Famili: | Characidae |
| Genus: | Astyanax S. F. Baird & Girard, 1854 |
| Spesies tipe | |
| Astyanax argentatus Baird & Girard, 1854
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| Sinonim | |
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Anoptichthys Hubbs & Innes, 1936 | |
Astyanax adalah sebuah genus ikan air tawar dalam famili Characidae dalam ordo Characiformes. Beberapa dari anggota genus ini, seperti banyak kerabatnya, sering dijadikan ikan akuarium dan dikenal secara kolektif sebagai tetra. Dengan sekitar 150 spesies yang telah dideskripsikan dan tambahan spesies-spesies baru yang dideskripsikan setiap tahun,[2] genus ini menjadi salah satu yang terbesar di antara ordonya; Hyphessobrycon juga lebih dari 145 spesies dan kelompok aman yang lebih besar pada suatu waktu tergantung jumlah spesies baru yang dideskripsikan di antara keduanya. Tetra gua yang buta, berwarna pucat dari Meksiko adalah anggota terkenal dalam genus ini, namun posisi taksonomisnya diperdebatkan: Beberapa menganggapnya sebagai sebuah bagian dari tetra meksiko (A. mexicanus) dan hal ini didukung oleh bukti filogenetik,[3][4][5][6][7] namun beberapa lainnya menganggap wujud guanya sebagai spesies yang terpisah, Astyanax jordani.[2]
Species
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Terdapat 132 spesies yang telah diakui didalam genus ini:
- Astyanax abramis (L. Jenyns, 1842)[8]
- Astyanax acatlanensis Schmitter-Soto, 2017
- Astyanax aeneus (Günther, 1860) (Tetra loreng)
- Astyanax altior C. L. Hubbs, 1936 (Tetra yucatan)
- Astyanax altiparanae Garutti & Britski, 2000
- Astyanax anai Angulo, Santos, López, Langeani & McMahan, 2018
- Astyanax angustifrons (Regan, 1908)
- Astyanax apiaka Ferreira, F. C. T. Lima, Ribeiro, Junior, F. A. Machado & Mirande, 2023
- Astyanax aramburui Protogino, Miquelarena & H. L. López, 2006
- Astyanax argentatus Baird & Girard, 1854 (Tetra texas)
- Astyanax argyrimarginatus Garutti, 1999
- Astyanax asuncionensis Géry, 1972
- Astyanax atratoensis C. H. Eigenmann, 1907
- Astyanax aurocaudatus C. H. Eigenmann, 1913
- Astyanax bacalarensis Schmitter-Soto, 2017
- Astyanax bagual Bertaco & Vigo, 2015[9]
- Astyanax baileyi (D. E. Rosen, 1972)[1]
- Astyanax belizianus (Bocourt, 1868) (Tetra belize)
- Astyanax bimaculatus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Tetra dua-totol)
- Astyanax biotae R. M. C. Castro & Vari, 2004
- Astyanax boliviensis Ruiz-C., Román-Valencia, Taphorn, Buckup & Ortega, 2018
- Astyanax bourgeti C. H. Eigenmann, 1908
- Astyanax brachypterygium Bertaco & L. R. Malabarba, 2001
- Astyanax bransfordii (T. N. Gill, 1877)[1]
- Astyanax brevimanus (Günther, 1864) (Tetra quiche)
- Astyanax brevirhinus C. H. Eigenmann, 1908
- Astyanax caballeroi (Contreras-Balderas & Rivera-Tiellery, 1985)[1]
- Astyanax caucanus (Steindachner, 1879)
- Astyanax chaparae Fowler, 1943
- Astyanax clavitaeniatus Garutti, 2003
- Astyanax cocibolca W. A. Bussing, 2008
- Astyanax cordovae (Günther, 1880)
- Astyanax courensis Bertaco, F. R. de Carvalho & Jerep, 2010
- Astyanax cremnobates Bertaco & L. R. Malabarba, 2001
- Astyanax cubilhuitz Schmitter-Soto, 2017
- Astyanax depressirostris A. Miranda-Ribeiro, 1908
- Astyanax dissimilis Garavello & F. A. A. Sampaio, 2010[10]
- Astyanax dnophos F. C. T. Lima & Zuanon, 2004
- Astyanax dorioni (D. E. Rosen, 1970)[1]
- Astyanax douradilho Bertaco, 2014[11]
- Astyanax elachylepis Bertaco & P. H. F. Lucinda, 2005
- Astyanax embera Ruiz-C., Román-Valencia, Taphorn, Buckup & Ortega, 2018
- Astyanax epiagos Zanata & Camelier, 2008
- Astyanax eremus Ingenito & Duboc, 2014[12]
- Astyanax fasslii (Steindachner, 1915)
- Astyanax filiferus (C. H. Eigenmann, 1913)
- Astyanax finitimus (Bocourt, 1868) (Tetra veracruz)
- Astyanax gandhiae Ruiz-C., Román-Valencia, Taphorn, Buckup & Ortega, 2018
- Astyanax gisleni Dahl, 1943
- Astyanax goyacensis C. H. Eigenmann, 1908
- Astyanax goyanensis (P. Miranda-Ribeiro, 1944)
- Astyanax gracilior C. H. Eigenmann, 1908
- Astyanax guaricana C. A. M. Oliveira, Abilhoa & Pavanelli, 2013[13]
- Astyanax henseli F. A. G. Melo & Buckup, 2006
- Astyanax integer G. S. Myers, 1930
- Astyanax jacobinae Zanata & Camelier, 2008 (Piaba)
- Astyanax jacuhiensis (Cope, 1894)
- Astyanax jenynsii (C. H. Eigenmann, 1877)
- Astyanax joaovitori Oliveira, Pavanelli & Bertaco, 2017
- Astyanax jordanensis Vera Alcaraz, Pavanelli & Bertaco, 2009
- Astyanax jordani (C. L. Hubbs & Innes, 1936)
- Astyanax kennedyi Géry, 1964
- Astyanax keronolepis Silva, Malabarba & Malabarba, 2019
- Astyanax kompi Hildebrand, 1938
- Astyanax kullanderi W. J. E. M. Costa, 1995
- Astyanax lacustris (Lütken, 1875)[8]
- Astyanax laticeps (Cope, 1894)
- Astyanax leopoldi Géry, Planquette & Le Bail, 1988
- Astyanax lineatus (Perugia, 1891)
- Astyanax longior (Cope, 1878)
- Astyanax longirhinus Garavello & F. A. A. Sampaio, 2010[10]
- Astyanax macal Schmitter-Soto, 2017
- Astyanax maculisquamis Garutti & Britski, 1997
- Astyanax magdalenae C. H. Eigenmann & Henn, 1916
- Astyanax maximus (Steindachner, 1876)
- Astyanax megaspilura Fowler, 1944
- Astyanax mexicanus (De Filippi, 1853) (Tetra meksiko)
- Astyanax microlepis C. H. Eigenmann, 1913
- Astyanax microschemos Bertaco & C. A. S. Lucena, 2006
- Astyanax minor Garavello & F. A. A. Sampaio, 2010[10]
- Astyanax moorii (Boulenger, 1892)
- Astyanax multidens C. H. Eigenmann, 1908
- Astyanax myersi (Fernández-Yépez, 1950)
- Astyanax nasutus Meek, 1907
- Astyanax nicaraguensis C. H. Eigenmann & Ogle, 1907
- Astyanax novae C. H. Eigenmann, 1911[14]
- Astyanax obscurus (R. F. Hensel, 1870)
- Astyanax ocotal Valdez-Moreno, Rodiles-Hernández & Schmitter-Soto, 2017
- Astyanax orbignyanus (Valenciennes, 1850)
- Astyanax orstedii (Lütken, 1875)
- Astyanax orthodus C. H. Eigenmann, 1907
- Astyanax panamensis Günther, 1864[1] (Tetra panama)
- Astyanax paraguayensis (Fowler, 1918)
- Astyanax paranahybae C. H. Eigenmann, 1911
- Astyanax pardensis Salgado, 2021
- Astyanax pedri (Eigenmann, 1908)
- Astyanax petenensis (Günther, 1864) (Tetra peten)
- Astyanax pirabitira C. A. S. Lucena, Bertaco & Berbigier, 2013[15]
- Astyanax pirapuan Tagliacollo, Britzke, G. S. C. Silva & Benine, 2011[16]
- Astyanax poetzschkei C. G. E. Ahl, 1932
- Astyanax procerus C. A. S. Lucena, J. B. Castro & Bertaco, 2013[17]
- Astyanax rioverde Lozano-Vilano & Schmitter-Soto, 2017
- Astyanax robustus Meek, 1912
- Astyanax ruberrimus C. H. Eigenmann, 1913
- Astyanax rupununi Fowler, 1914
- Astyanax saltor Travassos, 1960
- Astyanax salvatoris Valdez-Moreno, Lozano-Vilano & Schmitter-Soto, 2017
- Astyanax scabripinnis (L. Jenyns, 1842)
- Astyanax scintillans G. S. Myers, 1928
- Astyanax serratus Garavello & F. A. A. Sampaio, 2010[10]
- Astyanax siapae Garutti, 2003
- Astyanax stilbe (Cope, 1870)
- Astyanax superbus G. S. Myers, 1942
- Astyanax symmetricus C. H. Eigenmann, 1908
- Astyanax tamiahua Schmitter-Soto, 2017
- Astyanax tehuacanensis Schmitter-Soto, 2017
- Astyanax totae Ferreira Haluch & Abilhoa, 2005
- Astyanax trierythropterus Godoy (pt), 1970
- Astyanax turmalinensis Triques, Vono & Caiafa, 2003
- Astyanax unitaeniatus Garutti, 1998
- Astyanax utiariti Bertaco & Garutti, 2007
- Astyanax validus Géry, Planquette & Le Bail, 1991
- Astyanax varzeae Abilhoa & Duboc, 2007
- Astyanax venezuelae L. P. Schultz, 1944
- Astyanax vermilion Zanata & Camelier, 2009
- Astyanax villwocki Zarske & Géry, 1999
- Astyanax yariguies (Torres-Mejia, Hernández & Senechal, 2012)
Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ a b c d e f Schmitter-Soto, Juan J. (2016). "A phylogeny of Astyanax (Characiformes: Characidae) in Central and North America". Zootaxa. 4109 (2): 101–130. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4109.2.1. PMID 27394856.
- ^ a b Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2016). Species of Astyanax di FishBase. Versi October 2016.
- ^ Jeffery W (2009). "Regressive evolution in Astyanax cavefish". Annu. Rev. Genet. 43: 25–47. doi:10.1146/annurev-genet-102108-134216. PMC 3594788
. PMID 19640230.
- ^ Dowling TE, Martasian DP, Jeffery WR (2002). "Evidence for multiple genetic forms with similar eyeless phenotypes in the blind cavefish, Astyanax mexicanus". Mol. Biol. Evol. 19 (4): 446–455. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a004100 . PMID 11919286.
- ^ Bradic, Martina; Beerli, Peter; García-de León, Francisco J; Esquivel-Bobadilla, Sarai; Borowsky, Richard L (2012). "Gene flow and population structure in the Mexican blind cavefish complex (Astyanax mexicanus)". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 12 (1): 9. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-12-9 . PMC 3282648 . PMID 22269119.
- ^ Strecker U, Faúndez VH, Wilkens H (2004). "Phylogeography of surface and cave Astyanax (Teleostei) from Central and North America based on cytochrome b sequence data". Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 33 (2): 469–481. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.07.001. PMID 15336680.
- ^ Keene; Yoshizawa; McGaugh (2016). Biology and Evolution of the Mexican Cavefish. Elsevier Science. hlm. 77–87. ISBN 978-0-12-802148-4.
- ^ a b Lucena CA, Soares HG (2016). "Review of species of the Astyanax bimaculatus "caudal peduncle spot" subgroup sensu Garutti & Langeani (Characiformes, Characidae) from the rio La Plata and rio São Francisco drainages and coastal systems of southern Brazil and Uruguay". Zootaxa. 4072 (1): 101–125. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4072.1.5. PMID 27395912.
- ^ Bertaco VA, Vigo AC (2015). "A new species of Astyanax Baird & Girard (Ostariophysi: Characidae) from the rio Taquari-Antas basin, southern Brazil" (PDF). Neotropical Ichthyology. 13 (2): 265–272. doi:10.1590/1982-0224-20140145 .
- ^ a b c d Garavello, J.C.; Sampaio, F.A.A. (2010). "Five new species of genus Astyanax Baird & Girard, 1854 from Rio Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil (Ostariophysi, Characiformes, Characidae)" (PDF). Brazilian Journal of Biology. 70 (3): 847–865. doi:10.1590/s1519-69842010000400016 . PMID 21085790.
- ^ Bertaco, V.A. (2014). "Astyanax douradilho, a new characid fish from the rio Tramandaí system, southern Brazil (Characiformes: Characidae)" (PDF). Zootaxa. 3794 (3): 492–500. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3794.3.10. PMID 24870337. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2016-10-05. Diakses tanggal 2016-07-25.
- ^ Ingenito, L.F.S.; Duboc, L.F. (2014). "A new species of Astyanax (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Characidae) from the upper rio Iguaçu basin, southern Brazil". Neotropical Ichthyology. 12 (2): 281–290. doi:10.1590/1982-0224-20130117 .
- ^ Oliveira CA, Abilhoa V, Pavanelli CS (2013). "Astyanax guaricana (Ostariophysi: Characidae), a new species from the rio Cubatão drainage, Paraná State, Southern Brazil". Neotropical Ichthyology. 11 (2): 291–296. doi:10.1590/s1679-62252013000200007 .
- ^ Freitas MR, Lucinda PH, Lucena CA (2015). "Redescription of Astyanax novae Eigenmann, 1911 (Teleostei: Characidae)". Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters. 26 (2): 183–192.
- ^ Lucena CA, Bertaco VA, Berbigier G (2013). "A new species of Astyanax from headwater streams of southern Brazil (Characiformes: Characidae)". Zootaxa. 3700 (2): 226–236. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3700.2.2. PMID 26106724.
- ^ Tagliacollo VA, Britzke R, Silva GS, Benine RC (2011). "Astyanax pirapuan: a new characid species from the upper Rio Paraguay system, Mato Grosso, Central Brazil (Characiformes, Characidae)" (PDF). Zootaxa. 2749: 40–46. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2749.1.3. hdl:11449/41580 .
- ^ Lucena CA, Castro JB, Bertaco VA (2013). "Three new species of Astyanax from drainages of southern Brazil (Characiformes: Characidae)". Neotropical Ichthyology. 11 (3): 537–552. doi:10.1590/s1679-62252013000300007 .
