Pemeliharaan perdamaian
Pemeliharaan perdamaian atau penjagaan perdamaian mengacu pada aktivitas yang bertujuan menciptakan kondisi yang memungkinkan perdamaian jangka panjang.[1]
Dalam perkumpulan pemerintahan dan organisasi Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa, ada keyakinan umum bahwa di tingkat internasional, pemelihara perdamaian mengawasi proses perdamaian di wilayah-wilayah pascakonflik dan membantu mantan kombatan melaksanakan komitmen perjanjian perdamaian yang mereka sepakati. Bantuan tersebut datang dalam berbagai bentuk, termasuk tindakan pembangunan rasa percaya, rencana berbagi kekuasaan, dukungan pemilu, memperkuat aturan hukum, dan pembangunan ekonomi dan sosial. Karena itu, pasukan pemelihara perdamaian PBB (kadang disebut Blue Berets atau Blue Helmets karena mengenakan beret atau helm biru muda) terdiri dari tentara, polisi, dan warga sipil.[2][3]
Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa bukan satu-satunya organisasi yang melaksanakan misi pemeliharaan perdamaian. Pasukan pemelihara perdamaian non-PBB meliputi misi NATO di Kosovo (seizin PBB) dan Pasukan dan Pemantau Multinasional di Semenanjung Sinai atau pasukan yang dibentuk Uni Eropa seperti EUFOR RCA (seizin PBB). Nonviolent Peaceforce adalah satu-satunya LSM yang secara luas diakui sebagai pakar penciptaan perdamaian lewat relawan atau aktivis non-pemerintah.[4]
Lihat pula
[sunting | sunting sumber]- AFP Peacekeeping Operations Center
- Bangladesh UN Peacekeeping Force
- Daftar misi pemeliharaan perdamaian Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa
- Daftar negara menurut jumlah pemelihara perdamaian PBB
- Daftar negara tempat penerjunan pasukan pemelihara perdamaian PBB
- Daftar misi pemeliharaan perdamaian non-PBB
- Multinational Force and Observers
- Operasi militer selain perang
- PKSOI
- Garis waktu misi pemeliharaan perdamaian Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa
- Three Block War
- White Helmets
Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ "United Nations Peacekeeping". Diakses tanggal 23 October 2014.
- ^ United Nations Peacekeeping. "Department of Peacekeeping Operations(DPKO)". United Nations Peacekeeping. Diakses tanggal 2012-10-03.
- ^ United Nations Peacekeeping. "Department of Field Support(DFS)". United Nations Peacekeeping. Diakses tanggal 2012-10-03.
- ^ Home Jobs Donate Offices. "Nonviolent Peaceforce". Nonviolent Peaceforce. Diakses tanggal 2012-07-17.
Bacaan lanjutan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Bureš, Oldřich (June 2006). "Regional Peacekeeping Operations: Complementing or Undermining the United Nations Security Council?". Global Change, Peace & Security. 18 (2): 83–99. doi:10.1080/14781150600687775.
- Evelegh, Robin (1978). Peace-Keeping in a Democratic Society: the Lessons of Northern Ireland. Montréal, Qué.: McGill-Queen's University Press. ISBN 0-7735-0502-4
- Fortna, Virginia Page (2004). "Does Peacekeeping Keep Peace? International Intervention and the Duration of Peace After Civil War". International Studies Quarterly. 48 (2): 269–292. doi:10.1111/j.0020-8833.2004.00301.x.
- Goulding, Marrack (July 1993). "The Evolution of United Nations Peacekeeping". International Affairs. 69 (3): 451–64. doi:10.2307/2622309. JSTOR 2622309.
- Pushkina, Darya (June 2006). "A Recipe for Success? Ingredients of a Successful Peacekeeping Mission". International Peacekeeping. 13 (2): 133–149. doi:10.1080/13533310500436508.
- Worboys, Katherine (2007). "The Traumatic Journey from Dictatorship to Democracy: Peacekeeping Operations and Civil-Military Relations in Argentina, 1989-1999". Armed Forces & Society. 33 (2): 149–168. doi:10.1177/0095327X05283843. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2009-03-31. Diakses tanggal 2015-06-28.
- Dandeker, Christopher; Gow, James (1997). "The Future of Peace Support Operations: Strategic Peacekeeping and Success". Armed Forces & Society. 23 (3): 327–347. doi:10.1177/0095327X9702300302. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2008-05-23. Diakses tanggal 2015-06-28.
- Blocq, Daniel. 2009. "Western Soldiers and the Protection of Local Civilians in UN Peacekeeping Operations: Is a Nationalist Orientation in the Armed Forces Hindering Our Preparedness to Fight?" Armed Forces & Society, abstract Diarsipkan 2009-04-06 di Wayback Machine.
- Bridges, Donna and Debbie Horsfall. 2009. "Increasing Operational Effectiveness in UN Peacekeeping: Toward a Gender-Balanced Force." Armed Forces & Society, May 2009. abstract
- Howard, Lise Morjé. 2008. UN Peacekeeping in Civil Wars. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. abstract
- Fortna, Virginia Page; Lise Morjé, Howard (2008). "Pitfalls and Prospects in the Peacekeeping Future". Annual Review of Political Science. 11: 283–301. doi:10.1146/annurev.polisci.9.041205.103022.
- Reed, Brian; Segal, David (2000). "The Impact of Multiple Deployments on Soldiers' Peacekeeping Attitudes, Morale and Retention". Armed Forces & Society. 27 (1): 57–78. doi:10.1177/0095327X0002700105. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2006-10-17. Diakses tanggal 2015-06-28.
- Sion, Liora (2006). "'Too Sweet and Innocent for War'?: Dutch Peacekeepers and the Use of Violence". Armed Forces & Society. 32 (3): 454–474. doi:10.1177/0095327X05281453. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2009-03-31. Diakses tanggal 2015-06-28.
- Blocq, Daniel. 2010. "Western Soldiers and the Protection of Local Civilians in UN Peacekeeping Operations: Is a Nationalist Orientation in the Armed Forces Hindering Our Preparedness to Fight?" Armed Forces & Society Vol. 36 (2): 290-309, DOI:10.1177/0095327X08330816 Abstract
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