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Serangan Hamas terhadap Israel 2023

Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas
Halaman ini berisi artikel tentang operasi militer ke Israel oleh Hamas pada 7 Oktober. Untuk perang, lihat perang Israel−Hamas 2023. Untuk serangan lainnya oleh Hamas pada 2023, lihat daftar kontak militer semasa perang Israel−Hamas 2023.

Serangkaian serangan bersenjata terukur yang dipimpin oleh kelompok militan Palestina Hamas dari Jalur Gaza ke wilayah tetangga Israel di amplop Gaza bermula pada 7 Oktober 2023 yang merupakan hari Sabat dan hari libur Yahudi. Serangan ini mengawali perang Israel−Hamas, hampir tepat 50 tahun setelah Perang Yom Kippur bermula pada 6 Oktober 1973. Hamas dan kelompok bersenjata Palestina lainnya menamakan serangan ini Operasi Banjir Al-Aqsa (atau Air Bah; bahasa Arab: عملية طوفان الأقصى, translit. ʿamaliyyat ṭūfān al-ʾAqṣā),[1] sementara serangan ini disebut Sabtu Hitam (bahasa Ibrani: השבת השחורה‎),[22] atau Pembantaian Simchat Torah (הטבח בשמחת תורה),[23] dan disebut di seluruh dunia yaitu serangan 7 Oktober.[24][25][26]

Serangan bermula pada dini hari dengan serangan roket yang berjumlah sedikitnya 3.000 roket diluncurkan ke Israel dan serangan paralayar ke Israel.[27][28] Militan Hamas menerobos penghalang Gaza–Israel, membunuh warga sipil di lingkungan tetangga Israel dan menyerang pangkalan militer Israel. Dalam satu hari, 859 warga sipil Israel dan sedikitnya 350 tentara dan polisi Israel terbunuh di kota-kota terdekat, kibbutzim, pangkalan militer, dan di festival musik dekat Re'im.[16][17][18][19][9][29][14][15][9] Sekitar 250 warga sipil dan tentara Israel disandera di Jalur Gaza dengan sekitar 30 orang di antaranya adalah anak-anak.[30][31]

Serangan ini dikecam oleh 44 negara sebagai terorisme, sementara banyak negara Arab dan mayoritas Muslim menyalahkan pendudukan Israel di wilayah Palestina sebagai akar penyebab serangan ini.[32][33][34] 7 Oktober 2023 dianggap sebagai hari paling berdarah dalam sejarah Israel dan paling mematikan bagi orang Yahudi sejak Holokaus.[35][36][37][38]

Lihat pula

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Catatan

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  1. ^ Menurut Israel[12]
  2. ^ menurut Israel

Referensi

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  1. ^ a b c d From the United Nations:
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Guy Van Vlierden (14 October 2023). "HLN ONDERZOEK. Van jihadisten tot communisten: zeker 10 groeperingen deden mee met actie Palestijnse terroristen (HLN RESEARCH. From jihadists to communists: at least 10 groups participated in Palestinian terrorist action)". Het Laatste Nieuws. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 14 October 2023. 
  3. ^ "الجبهة الشعبية: قرار الإدارة الأمريكية بتوفير الدعم للكيان هدفه تطويق النتائج الاستراتيجية لمعركة طوفان الأقصى" [Popular Front: The US Administration's Decision to Provide Support to the Entity [Israel] Aims to Contain the Strategic Outcomes of the Battle of the Al-Aqsa Flood]. alahednews.com.lb (dalam bahasa Arab). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 9 October 2023. Diakses tanggal 8 October 2023. 
  4. ^ a b الانترنت, الحرية-مجلة التقدميين العرب على. "khilal bayan laha qabl qalilin.. katayib almuqawamat alwatania (quaat alshahid eumar alqasuma) aljanah aleaskarii liljabhat aldiymuqratia" خلال بيان لها قبل قليل.. كتائب المقاومة الوطنية (قوات الشهيد عمر القاسم) الجناح العسكري للجبهة الديمقراطية [During a statement a short while ago...the National Resistance Brigades (Forces of the Martyr Omar Al-Qasim), the military wing of the Democratic Front] (dalam bahasa Arab). مجلة التقدميين العرب على الانترنت. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 8 October 2023. Diakses tanggal 26 November 2023. 
  5. ^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama ynet
  6. ^ References for Hamas and allies victory:
  7. ^ "Palestinian Al Quds Brigades claim responsibility for attack at Lebanon-Israel border". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 9 October 2023. Diakses tanggal 14 October 2023. 
  8. ^ "Hamide Rencüs: İsrail ilk defa Gazze sınırındaki kontrolü kaybetmiş durumda" [Hamide Rencüs: Israel has lost control over the Gaza border for the first time]. bianet.org (dalam bahasa Turki). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 9 October 2023. Diakses tanggal 8 October 2023. 
  9. ^ a b c d e Fabian, Emanuel. "Authorities name 307 soldiers, 58 police officers killed in 2023 terror clashes". The Times of Israel. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 17 October 2023. Diakses tanggal 21 October 2023. 
  10. ^ Duro, Israel. "Heroes of Israel: Armed members of several kibbutzim managed to fight off terrorists". VOZ. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 13 October 2023. Diakses tanggal 11 October 2023. 
  11. ^ Ghert-Zand, Enee. "Young dad of 6 absorbed blast to protect family in attack on Kerem Shalom". The Times of Israel. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 18 October 2023. Diakses tanggal 18 October 2023. 
  12. ^ a b Fabian, Emanuel; Pacchiani, Gianluca (1 November 2023). "IDF estimates 3,000 Hamas terrorists invaded Israel in Oct. 7 onslaught". The Times of Israel. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 1 November 2023. Diakses tanggal 1 November 2023. 
  13. ^ "Israel killed at least 1,000 Gaza infiltrators, reinforcing nationwide, military says". Reuters. 11 October 2023. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 13 October 2023. Diakses tanggal 14 October 2023. 
  14. ^ a b "Israel revises Hamas attack death toll to 'around 1,200'". Reuters. 10 November 2023. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 11 November 2023. 
  15. ^ a b "Israel revises down toll from October 7 attack to 'around 1,200'". Al Jazeera. 10 November 2023. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 11 November 2023. 
  16. ^ a b "Police say they've identified 859 civilian victims from October 7 massacre, up 16". The Times of Israel. 14 November 2023. 
  17. ^ a b "What We Know About the Death Toll in Israel From the Hamas-Led Attacks". The New York Times. 12 November 2023. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 14 November 2023. At least 278 soldiers were killed in the battles inside Israel, according to the Israeli military’s website. 
  18. ^ a b Three soldiers abducted by Hamas declared dead by army
    IDF reveals a Gaza brigade chief was killed Oct 7, body held by Hamas
    IDF declares deaths of 5 more troops, including nephew of ex-IDF chief Eisenkot who also lost son
  19. ^ a b 59 policemen have been killed in the conflict,[1] two of which died in the West Bank,[2] [3] leaving a total of 57 killed in the initial 7 October attack by Hamas.
  20. ^ Fabian, Emanuel (2 November 2023). "IDF says it has notified families of 242 hostages being held in Gaza". The Times of Israel. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2 November 2023. Diakses tanggal 2 November 2023. 
  21. ^ Kubovich, Yaniv (19 October 2023). "Israel Believes Some of Those Missing After Hamas' Attack Will Not Be Found". Haaretz (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 20 October 2023. Diakses tanggal 20 October 2023. 
  22. ^ Waghorn, Dominic (23 October 2023). "This is a dangerous moment in Israel-Hamas war – and the rest of the world is holding its breath". Sky News. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 23 October 2023. Diakses tanggal 27 October 2023. 
  23. ^ Herzl, Tova (20 October 2023). "אל תשתמשו במילה "שואה" בקשר לטבח". Ynet (dalam bahasa Hebrew). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 27 October 2023. Diakses tanggal 27 October 2023. 
  24. ^ "Biden Energy Adviser to Discuss Lebanon Border Issues on Israel Trip". Asharq Al-Awsat. November 20, 2023. Diakses tanggal November 20, 2023. In the months before the Oct. 7 attack on Israel by Palestinian Hamas militants who run the Gaza Strip, Hochstein said the United States was exploring the possibility of resolving the longstanding border dispute between Lebanon and Israel. 
  25. ^ "Hamas fighter says he is 'proud' of the October 7 attack on Israel and vows to keep fighting". Sky News. November 10, 2023. Diakses tanggal November 20, 2023. 
  26. ^ Jason Burke (November 9, 2023). "A deadly cascade: how secret Hamas attack orders were passed down at last minute". The Guardian. Diakses tanggal November 20, 2023. Analysts said other objectives of the 7 October attacks probably included halting efforts to normalise relations between Israel and Saudi Arabia, further undermining the Palestinian Authority, distracting from Hamas’s failure to deliver services or break the blockade of Gaza, and provoking a violent reaction from Israel that would mobilise its own supporters in Gaza, the West Bank and elsewhere. 
  27. ^ Kubovich, Yaniv (17 October 2023). "The First Hours of the Israel-Hamas War: What Actually Took Place?" (dalam bahasa English). Haaretz. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 17 October 2023. Diakses tanggal 17 October 2023. 
  28. ^ "Around 1,000 dead in Israel-Hamas war, as Lebanon's Hezbollah also launches strikes". South China Morning Post. 8 October 2023. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 8 October 2023. Diakses tanggal 9 October 2023. 
  29. ^ "Israel revises death toll from Oct. 7 Hamas assault, dropping it from 1,400 to 1,200". Times of Israel. 11 November 2023. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 11 November 2023. 
  30. ^ Yonah, Jeremy (19 October 2023). "IDF working on rescue ops for over 200 Israeli hostages in Gaza". Jerusalem Post. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 20 October 2023. Diakses tanggal 20 October 2023. 
  31. ^ McKernan, Bethan (7 October 2023). "Hamas launches surprise attack on Israel as Palestinian gunmen reported in south". The Guardian. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 7 October 2023. Diakses tanggal 7 October 2023. 
  32. ^ Waldo, Cleary; Epstein, Gabriel; Hilbush, Sydney (11 October 2023). "International Reactions to the Hamas Attack on Israel". The Washington Institute. PolicyWatch 3793. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 16 October 2023. Diakses tanggal 13 October 2023. 
  33. ^ Michaelson, Ruth (7 October 2023). "Condemnation and calls for restraint after Hamas attack on Israel". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 7 October 2023. Diakses tanggal 7 October 2023. International leaders condemned an unprecedented incursion by Palestinian militants into southern Israel, while governments across the Middle East called for restraint after an attack that shook the Israeli security establishment. [...] The US defence secretary, Lloyd Austin, said his organisation would send support to Israel. 'Over the coming days the Department of Defense will work to ensure that Israel has what it needs to defend itself and protect civilians from indiscriminate violence and terrorism,' he said. 
  34. ^ "World reaction to surprise attack by Palestinian Hamas on Israel" (dalam bahasa Inggris). Al Jazeera. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 7 October 2023. Diakses tanggal 8 October 2023. 
  35. ^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama :1
  36. ^ "Hamas's attack was the bloodiest in Israel's history". The Economist. 12 October 2023. ISSN 0013-0613. Diarsipkan dari versi asliPerlu langganan berbayar tanggal 14 October 2023. Diakses tanggal 15 October 2023. The most searing historical comparison predates Israel's founding. Not all of Hamas's victims were Israeli, and not all of the Israeli dead were Jewish. But under reasonable assumptions about the ethnic make-up of those killed in this and previous attacks, the last time before October 7th that this many Jews were murdered on a single day was during the Holocaust. 
  37. ^ "Hamas attack 'deadliest day for Jews since the Holocaust', says Biden, as Israeli jets pound Gaza". The Guardian (dalam bahasa Inggris). 12 October 2023. ISSN 0261-3077. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 12 October 2023. Diakses tanggal 12 October 2023. 
  38. ^ "Israel-Hamas War of 2023 | Explanation, Summary, Casualties, & Map | Britannica". www.britannica.com (dalam bahasa Inggris). 14 November 2023. Diakses tanggal 15 November 2023. 

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