Genosida dalam sejarah

Genosida adalah penghancuran yang disengaja terhadap suatu bangsa secara keseluruhan atau sebagian. Istilah ini dicetuskan pada tahun 1944 oleh Raphael Lemkin. Istilah ini didefinisikan dalam Pasal 2 Konvensi tentang Pencegahan dan Penghukuman Kejahatan Genosida (CPPCG) tahun 1948 sebagai "salah satu tindakan berikut yang dilakukan dengan maksud untuk menghancurkan, secara keseluruhan atau sebagian, suatu kelompok nasional, etnis, ras, atau agama, seperti: membunuh anggota kelompok; menyebabkan kerusakan fisik atau mental yang serius terhadap anggota kelompok; dengan sengaja menimbulkan kondisi kehidupan kelompok, yang dimaksudkan untuk menyebabkan kehancuran fisik secara keseluruhan atau sebagian; memaksakan tindakan yang dimaksudkan untuk mencegah kelahiran dalam kelompok; [dan] memindahkan secara paksa anak-anak kelompok tersebut ke kelompok lain."

Pembukaan CPPCG menyatakan bahwa "genosida adalah kejahatan menurut hukum internasional, bertentangan dengan semangat dan tujuan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa dan dikutuk oleh dunia yang beradab", dan juga menyatakan bahwa "pada semua periode sejarah genosida telah menimbulkan kerugian besar bagi kemanusiaan." Genosida secara luas dianggap sebagai lambang kejahatan manusia, dan telah disebut sebagai "kejahatan dari kejahatan". Gugus Tugas Ketidakstabilan Politik memperkirakan bahwa 43 genosida terjadi antara tahun 1956 dan 2016, yang mengakibatkan 50 juta kematian. UNHCR memperkirakan bahwa 50 juta orang lainnya telah mengungsi akibat episode kekerasan tersebut.

Lihat pula

• Tuduhan di cermin
• Pembunuhan massal antikomunis
• Anti-Mongolianisme § Genosida yang disponsori negara oleh Kekaisaran Rusia/Rusia Soviet, Kekaisaran Tiongkok/Tiongkok Komunis
• Genosida kulit hitam di Amerika Serikat – gagasan bahwa orang Afrika-Amerika telah menjadi sasaran genosida sepanjang sejarah mereka karena rasisme terhadap orang Afrika-Amerika, suatu aspek rasisme di Amerika Serikat
• Kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan
• Kritik terhadap pemerintahan partai komunis
• Democide
• Pembersihan etnis
• Konflik etnis
• Kekerasan etnis
• Etnosentrisme
• Etnosida
• Politik sayap kiri
• Politik sayap kanan
• Subkultur sayap kanan
• Penyangkalan genosida
• Politik pengakuan genosida
• Genosida orang Kristen oleh Negara Islam
• Genosida orang Yazidi oleh Negara Islam
• Kejahatan kebencian
• Daftar kampanye pembersihan etnis
• Daftar genosida
• Pembunuhan massal di bawah rezim komunis
• Nativisme (politik)
• Penganiayaan Syiah oleh Negara Islam
• Pembersihan politik penduduk – salah satu aspek kekerasan politik
• Pemindahan penduduk
• Rasisme
• Intoleransi agama
• Diskriminasi agama
• Penganiayaan agama
• Kekerasan agama
• Kekerasan sektarian
• Supremasi
• Terorisme
• Kejahatan perang
• Xenofobia

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